Relationship between genital ridge formation and settlement site of primordial germ cells in chick embryos

Ukeshima, Atsumi; Kudo, Masayuki; Fujimoto, Toyoaki

doi:10.1002/ar.1092190312

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Chick PGCs, derived from the germinal crescent area, circulate through the vascular system and extravagate from small vessels caudal to the vitelline artery. Chick PGCs then enter the neighboring thickened coelomic epithelium, which will become the definitive gonadal anlagen (Ukeshima et al, 1987;Tsunekawa et al, 2000). The close association of turtle PGCs with the coelomic epithelium suggests that their path of entry into the gonad may be very similar to chick.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular mechanisms of sex determination in the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta

Yao

DiNapoli

Capel

2004

Mechanisms of Development

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In all vertebrates sex determination is the step at which development of a testis or ovary is initiated in the bipotential gonad. Although Mus musculus and the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta, use different mechanisms to initiate organogenesis of the testis (the Y-linked gene, Sry, in the mouse vs. the incubation temperature of the egg in the turtle), the structure of the adult testis is strikingly similar. We have identified several cellular mechanisms involved in testis organogenesis in mouse. Here we investigated whether these cellular mechanisms are conserved in T. scripta downstream of the temperature-dependent switch. Cell tracing experiments indicated that the coelomic epithelium in T. scripta contributes precursors for Sertoli cells and interstitial cells as in mouse. However, we detect no male-specific mesonephric cell migration, a process required for the de novo testis cord-forming process in mouse. In contrast to mouse gonads, where no cord structure is discernible until after the divergence of testis development, we find that primitive sex cords continuous with the coelomic epithelium exist in all T. scripta gonads from the earliest bipotential stages examined. We conclude that typical testis architecture results from the maintenance and elaboration of primitive sex cords in T. scripta rather than the assembly of de novo structures as in mouse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular mechanisms of sex determination in the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta

Yao

DiNapoli

Capel

2004

Mechanisms of Development

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“…Rather than migrating through the gut mesentery as in mouse, chick PGCs travel through the bloodstream to arrive in the gonad (Meyer 1964; Nakamura et al 2007; Tsunekawa et al 2000; Ukeshima et al 1987, 1991) (Figure 6 b ). At first, PGCs aggregate in the extraembryonic region anterior to the head and then enter extraembryonic blood vessels, and travel posteriorly.…”

Section: Germ Cells In Gonad Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonad Morphogenesis in Vertebrates: Divergent Means to a Convergent End

DeFalco

Capel

2009

Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol.

152

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A critical element of successful sexual reproduction is the generation of sexually dimorphic adult reproductive organs, the testis and ovary, which produce functional gametes. The examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved. We highlight the mechanisms used by different vertebrate model systems to generate the somatic architecture necessary to support gametogenesis. In addition, we examine the different vertebrate patterns of germ cell migration from their site of origin to colonize the gonad, and highlight their roles in sex-specific morphogenesis. We also discuss the plasticity of the adult gonad and consider how different genetic and environmental conditions can induce transitions between testis and ovary morphology.

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“…After moving through the germinal crescent, PGCs are incorporated into an extra-embryonic vascular system and begin to circulate in the bloodstream at stage 11 (Ginsburg and EyalGiladi 1987;Tsunekawa et al 2000). PGCs then leave from the vascular system and migrate into the area in which development of the gonads occurs (Fujimoto et al 1976b;Ginsburg and Eyal-Giladi 1986;Ukeshima et al 1987). In contrast to mammals and other vertebrates, however, the origin, migration and differentiation of chicken PGCs are not fully understood because of a lack of specific PGC markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning and expression of dead end homologue in chicken primordial germ cells

et al. 2007

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Chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) dynamically migrate towards the prospective gonadal area through the germinal crescent region and bloodstream at early embryonic stages. To date, chicken PGCs have been mainly identified by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods or by their morphological characteristics. However, their origin, migration and differentiation are not fully understood because of the lack of specific PGC molecular markers. Here, we have isolated the chicken dead end homologue (CDH) in order to clone its full-length cDNA with an open reading frame of 329 amino acids. The RNA-binding motif present in CDH at amino acids 54-133 was highly homologous to those in the dead end proteins of human, mouse and Xenopus. The temporal and spatial distribution of PGCs was also investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) on whole-mount embryos with CDH cRNA as a probe. Chicken embryos from stage X to stage 20 were subjected to ISH. The hybridized samples were then sectioned to analyse the translocation of PGCs. CDH-positive cells could be counted from stage X to stage 4, with minimally 30 cells at the blastderm and approximately 260 cells at the germinal crescent. Thus, specific expression of CDH mRNA has been established in chicken PGCs located at the blastderm, germinal crescent and prospective gonadal area by ISH and reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that isolated CDH is specifically expressed in chicken PGCs during embryogenesis.

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Relationship between genital ridge formation and settlement site of primordial germ cells in chick embryos

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Cellular mechanisms of sex determination in the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta

Cellular mechanisms of sex determination in the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta

Gonad Morphogenesis in Vertebrates: Divergent Means to a Convergent End

Molecular cloning and expression of dead end homologue in chicken primordial germ cells

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