Relationship Between Hunger‐Satiety Feelings and Various Metabolic Parameters in Women with Obesity During Controlled Weight Loss

Abstract

HEINl, ADRIAN F., KATHARINE A. KIRK, CRISTINA LARA-CASTRO, ROLAND L. WEINSIER. Relationship between hunger-satiety feelings and various metabolic parameters in women with obesity during controlled weight loss. Obes Res. 1998;6:225-230. Objective: Satiety plays an important role in weight control. The meaning of fasting hormone levels and satiety feelings, and how post-absorptive changes after meals high in carbohydrate regulate appetite remains to be demonstrated. Research Methods and Procedures:Prospective metabolic study with 25 non-diabetic obese women at the Energy Metabolism Research Unit of the Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham. We analyzed fasting and postprandial ratings of hunger-satiety and values of various metabolic parameters (serum glucose and insulin, plasma cholecystokinin, respiratory quotient) during controlled weight loss. The postprandial measures were assessed following a test meal providing 320 kcal and yielding a food quotient of 0.89. Results.' In the fasting state, there was no correlation between hunger-satiety ratings and any of the measured metabolic parameters. Under postprandial conditions, satiety was positively related to glucose (p = 0.002) and insulin (p =0.002) responses to the test meal. In multivariate analysis including glucose, insulin, cholecystokinin, hungersatiety ratings and respiratory quotient, insulin was the only independent predictor of satiety in the postprandial state. Discussion: These data suggest an association between the endogenous insulin response and feelings of postprandial satiety. Insulin's satiation properties, which could well be mediated by other hormones, may represent a primary factor of food intake regulation after meals relatively high in carbohydrate.

Appetite after weight loss by energy restriction and a low-fat diet–exercise follow-up

“…The fact that in women a negative association was observed between changes in fasting plasma insulin and changes in variables of VAS measured as AUC is in accordance with the idea that insulin might affect appetite-related variables 15 and food intake 9 by modulating the expression of neuropeptide Y. 10 Results from a decade ago have also emphasized the importance of changes in blood glucose in regards to eating behavior.…”

“…10 Results from a decade ago have also emphasized the importance of changes in blood glucose in regards to eating behavior. 12,13 More recent results have shed some new light on this issue since Heini et al; 15 have demonstrated that changes in glucose and insulin seem to predict changes in appetite-related variables. Even if our data do not provide statistical support to these latter results, it nevertheless appears that changes of VAS variables also seem to be associated with variations in fasting plasma glucose in women.…”

“…14 Few studies have directly addressed the issue as to whether appetite scores are affected by prolonged energy de®cit and consequent weight loss. In this context, Heini et al 15 have observed that during controlled weight loss, although no signi®cant changes in hunger±satiety levels were found, some positive correlations were observed between postprandial changes in these variables and fractional changes in glucose and insulin. Results from the same group have also demonstrated that during energy restriction, changes in leptin are accompanied by changes in hunger±satiety ratings 16 which might be partly explained by the fact that leptin levels were shown to predict palatability scores.…”

Meal glycaemic load of normal-weight and overweight Hong Kong children

“…Ball et al (2003) demonstrated a prolongation of satiety following an intervention with a low-GI meal replacement, while Alvina and Araya (2004) observed significantly less satiety in obese children after consumption of a carbohydrate meal with a rapid digestion rate. Although some studies did not suggest an increase postprandial satiety by increasing dietary GI (Heini et al, 1998;Anderson et al, 2002), providing snacks with lower GI values probably cause no harm and possibly reduce the frequency of snacking due to hunger. The contribution of different foods in the meal GI in this study indicated that it may be possible to modify nearly three-quarters of the total glycaemic load by swapping the types of rice/staple and snacks consumed to low-GI alternatives.…”

Individual variability following 12 weeks of supervised exercise: identification and characterization of compensation for exercise-induced weight loss

“…Although most of the evidence from acute studies suggests that there is no automatic exercise-induced increase in EI, 5,8 there is evidence that weight loss is associated with increased motivation to eat following longer term negative energy balance interventions. [9][10][11][12][13] Compensatory reductions in EE could also oppose any perturbations in energy balance. Compensatory adjustments in exercise and nonexercise activity, for example a failure to maintain a 100% compliance with the exercise regime, 14 and a reduction in physical activity in the nonexercise time, could contribute to a lower than predicted weight loss.…”