Relationship between kernel drydown rate and resistance to gibberella ear rot in maize

Kebebe, A. Z.; Reid, L. M.; Zhu, Xiaoyang; Wu, Jianyu; Woldemariam, T.; Voloaca, C.; Xiang, Kui

doi:10.1007/s10681-014-1185-2

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…All four endophytes were then tested for their ability to suppress GER under greenhouse conditions in two independent trials (Figures 7 , 8 ). The main entrance routes for F. graminearum in maize are exposed silks where the ascospores can germinate and grow toward the developing ear (Sutton, 1982 ; Kebebe et al, 2015 ). Therefore, the disease severity was scored as the length of diseased area, measured from the ear tip where Fusarium spores were introduced, relative to the total length of the ear (Figure 7I ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial endophytes from wild maize suppress Fusarium graminearum in modern maize and inhibit mycotoxin accumulation

et al. 2015

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Wild maize (teosinte) has been reported to be less susceptible to pests than their modern maize (corn) relatives. Endophytes, defined as microbes that inhabit plants without causing disease, are known for their ability to antagonize plant pests and pathogens. We hypothesized that the wild relatives of modern maize may host endophytes that combat pathogens. Fusarium graminearum is the fungus that causes Gibberella Ear Rot (GER) in modern maize and produces the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON). In this study, 215 bacterial endophytes, previously isolated from diverse maize genotypes including wild teosintes, traditional landraces and modern varieties, were tested for their ability to antagonize F. graminearum in vitro. Candidate endophytes were then tested for their ability to suppress GER in modern maize in independent greenhouse trials. The results revealed that three candidate endophytes derived from wild teosintes were most potent in suppressing F. graminearum in vitro and GER in a modern maize hybrid. These wild teosinte endophytes could suppress a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens of modern crops in vitro. The teosinte endophytes also suppressed DON mycotoxin during storage to below acceptable safety threshold levels. A fourth, less robust anti-fungal strain was isolated from a modern maize hybrid. Three of the anti-fungal endophytes were predicted to be Paenibacillus polymyxa, along with one strain of Citrobacter. Microscopy studies suggested a fungicidal mode of action by all four strains. Molecular and biochemical studies showed that the P. polymyxa strains produced the previously characterized anti-Fusarium compound, fusaricidin. Our results suggest that the wild relatives of modern crops may serve as a valuable reservoir for endophytes in the ongoing fight against serious threats to modern agriculture. We discuss the possible impact of crop evolution and domestication on endophytes in the context of plant defense.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial endophytes from wild maize suppress Fusarium graminearum in modern maize and inhibit mycotoxin accumulation

et al. 2015

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“…The predominant species causing GER are F. graminearum , F. culmorum and to a lesser extent, F. avenaceum , however, several other species such as F. equiseti , F. poae , F. sporotrichioides , F. acuminatum , F. semitectum , F. solani and F. temperatum can be isolated with lower frequency from molded maize ears. The dynamic of infection and fungal community involved in GER follow the same behaviour observed in FHB of small cereals and is favoured by high moisture at silking under warm conditions [27,28].…”

Section: Mycotoxigenic Fusarium and Fusarium-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Fusarium Toxins in Cereals: Occurrence, Legislation, Factors Promoting the Appearance and Their Management

2016

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Fusarium diseases of small grain cereals and maize cause significant yield losses worldwide. Fusarium infections result in reduced grain yield and contamination with mycotoxins, some of which have a notable impact on human and animal health. Regulations on maximum limits have been established in various countries to protect consumers from the harmful effects of these mycotoxins. Several factors are involved in Fusarium disease and mycotoxin occurrence and among them environmental factors and the agronomic practices have been shown to deeply affect mycotoxin contamination in the field. In the present review particular emphasis will be placed on how environmental conditions and stress factors for the crops can affect Fusarium infection and mycotoxin production, with the aim to provide useful knowledge to develop strategies to prevent mycotoxin accumulation in cereals.Keywords: Fusarium toxins; Fusarium disease; mycotoxin regulation; mycotoxin management Mycotoxigenic Fusarium and Fusarium-Related DiseasesFusarium is one of the most economically important genera of phytopathogenic fungi. Several Fusarium species can infect small grain cereals (wheat, barley and oat) and maize; the predominant species can vary according to crop species involved, geographic region and environmental conditions [1,2]. Fusarium toxins are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi that naturally contaminate cereals, they represent a source of grave concern in cereals and cereal-based products, resulting in harmful contamination of foods and feedstuffs [3].Fusarium diseases that affect cereal crops are caused by several individual Fusarium or more commonly, co-occurring species. Fusarium spp. can cause indirect losses resulting from seedling blight or reduced seed germination, or direct losses such as seedling foot and stalk rots; however, the most important diseases in cereals due to a severe reduction in yield and quality are head blight of small cereals as wheat, barley and oat, and ear rot of maize [4,5]. The coexistence of different Fusarium spp. in the field is a normal situation and although the number of detectable species can be high [6], only some of them are pathogenic, especially under suitable climatic conditions. The composition of species involved in the Fusarium disease complex is dynamic [7]. The species comprising a Fusarium community associate with each other and this cohabitation is particularly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and moisture. Moreover, evidences indicates that the environmental conditions that favour the infection process can differ from those that affect colonization [8]; therefore, the relationship among Fusarium species may change over time during the infection process.

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“…More than 10 Fusarium spp. can cause ear rot, but the two most important are Fusarium verticillioides [synonym F. moniliforme Sheldon] inciting FER and F. graminearum that causes Gibberella ear rot (Seifert et al 2003; Mesterházy et al 2012; Kebebe et al 2014). Fusarium verticillioides is more prevalent in low rainfall, high humidity environments, common in tropical and subtropical maize production environments, while F. graminearum is predominant in cooler, high rainfall maize growing environments (Munkvold 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study and QTL Mapping Reveal Genomic Loci Associated withFusariumEar Rot Resistance in Tropical Maize Germplasm

Chen

Shrestha

Ding

et al. 2016

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Fusarium ear rot (FER) incited by Fusarium verticillioides is a major disease of maize that reduces grain quality globally. Host resistance is the most suitable strategy for managing the disease. We report the results of genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect alleles associated with increased resistance to FER in a set of 818 tropical maize inbred lines evaluated in three environments. Association tests performed using 43,424 single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNPs) markers identified 45 SNPs and 15 haplotypes that were significantly associated with FER resistance. Each associated SNP locus had relatively small additive effects on disease resistance and accounted for 1–4% of trait variation. These SNPs and haplotypes were located within or adjacent to 38 candidate genes, 21 of which were candidate genes associated with plant tolerance to stresses, including disease resistance. Linkage mapping in four biparental populations to validate GWAS results identified 15 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with F. verticillioides resistance. Integration of GWAS and QTL to the maize physical map showed eight colocated loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 10. QTL on chromosomes 2 and 9 are new. These results reveal that FER resistance is a complex trait that is conditioned by multiple genes with minor effects. The value of selection on identified markers for improving FER resistance is limited; rather, selection to combine small effect resistance alleles combined with genomic selection for polygenic background for both the target and general adaptation traits might be fruitful for increasing FER resistance in maize.

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Relationship between kernel drydown rate and resistance to gibberella ear rot in maize

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Bacterial endophytes from wild maize suppress Fusarium graminearum in modern maize and inhibit mycotoxin accumulation

Bacterial endophytes from wild maize suppress Fusarium graminearum in modern maize and inhibit mycotoxin accumulation

Fusarium Toxins in Cereals: Occurrence, Legislation, Factors Promoting the Appearance and Their Management

Genome-Wide Association Study and QTL Mapping Reveal Genomic Loci Associated withFusariumEar Rot Resistance in Tropical Maize Germplasm

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