Relationship between low blood lead levels and growth in children of white-collar civil servants in Korea

Afridi

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

The present study was aimed to evaluate the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels in the blood samples of adolescent boys, chewing different smokeless tobacco (SLT) products in Pakistan. For comparative purpose, boys of the same age group (12-15 years), not consumed any SLT products were selected as referents. To determine trace levels of Cd and Pb in blood samples, a preconcentration method, vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VLLME) has been developed, prior to analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The hydrophobic chelates of Cd and Pb with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate were extracted into the fine droplets of ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, while nonionic surfactant, Triton X-114 was used as a dispersing medium. The main factors affecting the recoveries of Cd and Pb, such as concentration of APDC, centrifugation time, volume of IL and TX-114, were investigated in detail. It was also observed that adolescent boys who consumed different SLT products have 2- to 3-fold higher levels of Cd and Pb in their blood samples as compared to referent boys (p < 0.001).

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconcentration and determination of lead and cadmium levels in blood samples of adolescent workers consuming smokeless tobacco products in Pakistan

Afridi

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

“…Several studies suggest that there is no safe dose for Pb exposure especially among children. The high Pb level have been associated with impaired neuropsychosocial development, delayed physical development and small stature, delayed onset of menarche, and auditory problems [37]. The 82.2-110 % higher levels of Cd was observed in the scalp hair of the adolescents chewing different SLT products (ACG, ACM, and ACB) as related to the referents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluated the Levels of Lead and Cadmium in Scalp Hair of Adolescent Boys Consuming Different Smokeless Tobacco Products with Related to Controls

et al. 2014

Biol Trace Elem Res

The present study was aimed to evaluate the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels in the scalp hair samples of adolescent boys age ranged 12-15 years, chewing different smokeless tobacco (SLT) products. For comparative purpose, boys of the same age group who did not consume any SLT products were selected as referents. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in SLT products and the scalp hair samples were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer (ETAAS) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked by certified reference materials (CRMs). The difference between experimental and certified values of both elements was not significant (p > 0.05). The resulted data indicated that the adolescent boys who consumed different SLT products have two- to threefold higher levels of Cd and Pb in the scalp hair samples as compared to the referent boys (p < 0.01). The adolescent chewing different SLT products have 82.2-110 and 60.6-94.5% higher levels of Cd and Pb, respectively, in their scalp hair as related to the referents.

“…41 BLLs o100 mg/l have been associated with impaired neuro-psychosocial development, delayed physical development and small stature, delayed onset of menarche and auditory problems. 8,42 Most of the WB had mild to moderate symptoms of abdominal pain, anemia, muscle pain, irritability and sleeping disorders. In workshops, not using protective gear (gloves, goggles or face shields), careless disposal or storage of leaded materials combined with inadequate sanitation may also increase their vulnerability to Pb toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures of lead to adolescent workers in battery recycling workshops and surrounding communities

Shah

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

Afridi

et al. 2012

In the present study, the environmental and occupational exposure of lead (Pb) has been assessed by analyzing the wholeblood samples of early adolescents (boys) aged 12--15 years working for the past 1--3 years in battery recycling workshops (BRW). For comparative purpose, boys of the same age group residing in the vicinity of BRW (exposed non-workers) and who lived in domestic areas devoid of any industrial activity (referents boys) were selected. The blood samples were analyzed for Pb, along with biochemical parameters of blood. Both biological samples were oxidized by acid in a microwave oven before determination of Pb by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean value of Pb concentration in blood samples of working boys was threefold higher as compared with referent boys. The significant negative correlations of blood Pb level with % Hb (r ¼ À0.862) were observed in working boys.