Relationship between major depression and heart rate variability.

Agelink, M.W.; Boz, Cavit; Ullrich, Hermann; Andrich, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00225-1

Cited by 270 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Cardioactive medication use, including some antidepressant classes (e.g., tricyclics; Kemp et al, 2010), some antipsychotic classes (e.g., clozapine; Cohen et al, 2001), benzodiazepines (Agelink et al, 2002), and antihypertensives (Schroeder et al, 2003) are also usually accounted for, although this may be somewhat difficult in practice when testing patient populations. Other factors that are usually accounted for include the time of day (Massin et al, 2000; van Eekelen et al, 2004), levels of habitual alcohol use (Quintana et al, 2013a,b), physical activity levels (Britton et al, 2007; Soares-Miranda et al, 2014), and age (O’Brien et al, 1986).…”

Section: Caveats and Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations in the assessment of heart rate variability in biobehavioral research

2014

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Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to various methods of assessing the beat-to-beat variation in the heart over time, in order to draw inference on the outflow of the autonomic nervous system. Easy access to measuring HRV has led to a plethora of studies within emotion science and psychology assessing autonomic regulation, but significant caveats exist due to the complicated nature of HRV. Firstly, both breathing and blood pressure regulation have their own relationship to social, emotional, and cognitive experiments – if this is the case are we observing heart rate (HR) changes as a consequence of breathing changes? Secondly, experiments often have poor internal and external controls. In this review we highlight the interrelationships between HR and respiration, as well as presenting recommendations for researchers to use when collecting data for HRV assessment. Namely, we highlight the superior utility of within-subjects designs along with the importance of establishing an appropriate baseline and monitoring respiration.

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Section: Caveats and Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations in the assessment of heart rate variability in biobehavioral research

2014

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“…Nevertheless, it is unknown how chronic stress affects the activity of the SAM axis and its relationship with the development of psychopathologies that are associated with the type of coping strategy adopted. In humans, although some of the data are contradictory, a greater sympathetic reactivity has been found in patients with severe depression [25] and PTSD [26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping with Chronic Social Stress in Mice: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal/ Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary Axis Activity, Behavioral Changes and Effects of Antalarmin Treatment: Implications for the Study of Stress-Related Psychopathologies

Pérez-Tejada¹,

Arregi²,

Gómez-Lázaro³

et al. 2013

Neuroendocrinology

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The aim of this study was to analyze the individual differences that lead to the development of psychopathological changes in response to chronic social stress. We also assessed the ability of an antagonist of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptors to reverse the effects of stress. Male adult mice were exposed to repeated defeat experiences for 21 days using a sensorial contact model. After 18 days of defeat, two groups of subjects were established (active and passive), according to their behaviors during social confrontation. Antalarmin treatment was given for 4 and 6 days. The results corroborated previous data indicating that subjects who adopted a passive coping strategy had higher corticosterone levels after 21 days of defeat and decreased resting levels 3 days later. Moreover, they showed higher resting expression levels of hypothalamic CRH than their active counterparts. On day 24, the experimental animals were subjected to another social defeat to determine whether the stress response remained. The increase in corticosterone and hypothalamic CRH levels was similar for all of the stressed subjects, but the passive subjects also had a greater CRH response in the amygdala. Passive subjects had decreased levels of adrenal dopamine β-hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase and plasma adrenaline compared to the active subjects, and lower plasma noradrenaline levels than manipulated controls. The passive profile of physiological changes in both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axes has been associated with changes related to mood disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. The active coping profile is characterized by similar corticosterone resting levels to controls and increased SAM activity. Both profiles showed alterations in the novel palatable and forced swimming tests, with the passive profile being the most vulnerable to the effects of stress in this last test. Pharmacological treatment with antalarmin failed to reverse the effects of stress.

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“…Impaired HRV has been linked to symptoms of depression. A series of studies demonstrated that patients with depression have increased heart rate and attenuated HRV (Rechlin et al 1994;Agelink et al 2002;Mück-Weymann et al 2002;Nahshoni et al 2004;Siepmann et al 2005;Catipovic-Veselica et al 2007). Additionally, cardiac patients with severe depression were previously found to exhibit less HRV than those with less severe depression (Krittayaphong et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study on the Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in Patients with Depression and in Healthy Subjects

Siepmann

Aykac

Unterdörfer

et al. 2008

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

237

160

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Decreased vagal activity and increased sympathetic arousal have been proposed as major contributors to the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with depression. It was aim of the present study to assess the feasibility of using heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback to treat moderate to severe depression. This was an open-label study in which 14 patients with different degrees of depression (13 f, 1 m) aged 30 years (18-47; median; range) and 12 healthy volunteers attended 6 sessions of HRV biofeedback over two weeks. Another 12 healthy subjects were observed under an active control condition. At follow up BDI was found significantly decreased (BDI 6; 2-20; median 25%-75% quartile) as compared to baseline conditions (BDI 22;15-29) in patients with depression. In addition, depressed patients had reduced anxiety, decreased heart rate and increased HRV after conduction of biofeedback (p < 0.05). By contrast, no changes were noted in healthy subjects receiving biofeedback nor in normal controls. In conclusion, HRV biofeedback appears to be a useful adjunct for the treatment of depression, associated with increases in HRV.

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Relationship between major depression and heart rate variability.

Cited by 270 publications

References 39 publications

Considerations in the assessment of heart rate variability in biobehavioral research

Considerations in the assessment of heart rate variability in biobehavioral research

Coping with Chronic Social Stress in Mice: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal/ Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary Axis Activity, Behavioral Changes and Effects of Antalarmin Treatment: Implications for the Study of Stress-Related Psychopathologies

A Pilot Study on the Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in Patients with Depression and in Healthy Subjects

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