Relationship Between Matrix Cracking and Delamination in CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact

Tan, Riming; Xu, Jifeng; Sun, Wei; Liu, Zhun; Guan, Zhidong; Guo, Xingming

doi:10.3390/ma12233990

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In Figure 13 b, the impact load exceeds DTL at 1.3 ms. After a strong signal corresponding to matrix cracking, (amplitude 0.498 V), delamination and fiber breakage follows (D1 and D2). These physical processes match well with previous studies showing that the DWT coefficients of the PVDF sensor signals represent failure mechanisms properly [ 26 , 37 ]…”

Section: Pvdf Signal Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

Determination of Impact Damage in CFRP via PVDF Signal Analysis with Support Vector Machine

Won

Woo

et al. 2020

Materials

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Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) have high specific stiffness and strength, but they are vulnerable to transverse loading, especially low-velocity impact loadings. The impact damage may cause serious strength reduction in CFRP structure, but the damage in a CFRP is mainly internal and microscopic, that it is barely visible. Therefore, this study proposes a method of determining impact damage in CFRP via poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) sensor, which is convenient and has high mechanical and electrical performance. In total, 114 drop impact tests were performed to investigate on impact responses and PVDF signals due to impacts. The test results were analyzed to determine the damage of specimens and signal features, which are relevant to failure mechanisms were extracted from PVDF signals by means of discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Support vector machine (SVM) was used for optimal classification of damage state, and the model using radial basis function (RBF) kernel showed the best performance. The model was validated through a 4-fold cross-validation, and the accuracy was reported to be 92.30%. In conclusion, impact damage in CFRP structures can be effectively determined using the spectral analysis and the machine learning-based classification on PVDF signals.

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Section: Pvdf Signal Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

Determination of Impact Damage in CFRP via PVDF Signal Analysis with Support Vector Machine

Won

Woo

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…Regarding failure, composites are susceptible to damage when they are acted upon by some external force such as tension, compression, and impact load, causing damages that may include delamination, matrix cracking and fibre breakage [16][17][18][19]. In addition, the failure associated with a composite under different loading conditions depends on the type of fibre and resin that constitute the material, layup configuration, thickness and loading speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Ply Stacking Sequence on Mechanical Properties of Carbon/Epoxy Composite Laminates

et al. 2022

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In this work, the effect of ply stacking sequence of carbon/epoxy laminates subjected to flexural, tensile and impact loading was investigated. Five laminates with different stacking configurations were produced using the hand-laying-up technique. This includes a unidirectional laminate, cross-ply laminates, and quasi-isotropic laminates. Following the autoclave curing process, the responses of the composites to bending, tension and impact force were determined according to ASTM standards, and their corresponding strength, stiffness as well as impact energy were evaluated. Likewise, the flexural failure mode associated with each laminate was characterised using an optical microscope. The unidirectional laminates have higher flexural and tensile strength compared to the cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates. Moreover, as a result of material symmetry, the flexural and tensile modulus of symmetric cross-ply laminate improved by 59.5% and 3.97% compared to the unsymmetric counterpart. Furthermore, the quasi-isotropic laminates with absorption energy of 116.2 kJ/m2 and 115.12 kJ/m2, respectively have higher impact resistance compared to other samples.

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“…A standard damage measurement procedure is proposed to verify the main damaged area in C-scan images, creating a damage outline, as proposed based by Tan et al [ 78 ]. The maximum damage length was also measured to perform a quantitative reference of non-negligible cracks outside the main damage area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Impact Behavior between Thermoplastic and Thermoset Composite for Wind Turbine Blades

et al. 2021

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Damage generated due to low velocity impact in composite plates was evaluated focusing on the design and structural integrity of wind turbine blades. Impact properties of composite plates manufactured with thermoplastic and thermoset resins for different energy levels were measured and compared. Specimens were fabricated using VARTM (vacuum assisted resin transfer molding), using both matrix systems in conjunction with carbon, glass and carbon/glass hybrid fibers in the NCF (non-crimp fabric) architecture. Resin systems used were ELIUM 188O (thermoplastic) from Arkema Co., Ltd. and a standard epoxy reference, EPR-L20 from Hexion Co., Ltd. (thermoset). Auxiliary numerical finite element analyses were performed to better understand the tests physics. These models were then compared with the experimental results to verify their predictive capacity, given the intrinsic limitations due to their simplicity. Based in the presented results, it is possible to observe that ELIUM is capable to replace a conventional thermoset matrix. The thermoplastic panels presented similar results compared to its thermoset counterparts, with even a trend of less impact damage. Additionally, for both thermoplastic and thermoset resin systems, glass layups showed the lowest levels of damage while carbon panels presented the highest damage levels. Hybrid laminates can be applied as a compromise solution.

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Relationship Between Matrix Cracking and Delamination in CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

Determination of Impact Damage in CFRP via PVDF Signal Analysis with Support Vector Machine

Determination of Impact Damage in CFRP via PVDF Signal Analysis with Support Vector Machine

The Influence of Ply Stacking Sequence on Mechanical Properties of Carbon/Epoxy Composite Laminates

Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Impact Behavior between Thermoplastic and Thermoset Composite for Wind Turbine Blades

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