Relationship between metabolic syndrome and nodular thyroid diseases

Abstract

Nodular thyroid diseases are common in Turkey. Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as the most important component of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and it is thought to directly affect thyroid diseases, together with other components of MetS. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential factors associated with thyroid nodularity. This study was part of the prospective MELEN study. In total, randomly selected 2233 subjects were evaluated. A euthyroid subgroup of participants (n = 1432) was selected and 421 of them had MetS. Both goitres and multinodular goitres (MNGs) were significantly more common in the MetS (+) group (p < .001). Older age was the only factor that significantly affected the presence of a nodular goitre (NG) (p < .001). The presence of a MNG was associated with older age (p < .001), systolic blood pressure level (p < .008) and MetS (p < .001). There was no difference in the thyroid volume or presence of nodular thyroid diseases between the IR (+) and (-) groups. Both the thyroid volume and the presence of MNGs were significantly associated with MetS, independent of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and IR. We suggest that the individual components of MetS may influence thyroid nodularity to some degree and that together they exert a cumulative effect on the thyroid gland. As a result, in the absence of MetS, we further suggest that IR alone does not explain the increase in thyroid volume and thyroid nodule formation.

Association of Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status With the Incidence of Thyroid Nodules: A Prospective Study in Chinese Adults

“…In agreement with previous studies (16,17), the cross-sectional part of the present study demonstrated that nodular thyroid disease was more common in MetS patients, and that older age, female gender, and MetS presence were independent factors affecting TN occurrence. In addition, men with chronic MetS have an increased risk of TNs compared with those consistently free from MetS.…”

“…Although several reports have demonstrated an association of MetS with TNs, they were mainly cross-sectional studies designed to evaluate either the prevalence of MetS in individuals with TNs vs. controls (12)(13)(14)(15), or, conversely, the prevalence of TNs in MetS patients (16,17). Meanwhile, related prospective studies are scarce.…”

The Prevalence of Single and Multiple Thyroid Nodules and Its Association with Metabolic Diseases in Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Previous studies reported that thyroid nodule is closely related to hypertension, BMI, and metabolic syndrome [11,43]. Our results showed that the prevalence of thyroid nodules in the patients with hypertension, BMI, and metabolic syndrome groups was higher than that in the control group, but no association was found between hypertension, BMI, metabolic syndrome, and thyroid nodules.…”

Rising Thyroid Disorders Among Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients: Case-Control Study

“…Further, some authors indicated that thyroid volume are associated with iodine deficiency and supply, Body Mass Index, gender, age, cigarettes smoking, genetic factors, FBG and T2DM severity (Bener et al, 2009;Duran et al, 2014;Kir et al, 2018;Rezzonico et al, 2008;Bener et al, 2018). The current study is consistent with earlier reported the correlation between metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance and the risk of thyroid cancer (Marrero, 2010;Ghazali et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2010;Kir et al, 2018;Bener et al, 2018).…”

“…In fact, T2DM and thyroid dysfunction are highly correlated as the two commonest endocrinological medical conditions reported in clinical practice (Akbar et al, 2006;Marrero, 2009;Papazafiropoulou et al, 2010;Ghazali & Abbiyesuku, 2010;Wang et al, 2015;Centeno Maxzud et al, 2016;Sarfo-Kantanka et al, 2017;Malaguarnera et al, 2017). Further, some authors indicated that thyroid volume are associated with iodine deficiency and supply, Body Mass Index, gender, age, cigarettes smoking, genetic factors, FBG and T2DM severity (Bener et al, 2009;Duran et al, 2014;Kir et al, 2018;Rezzonico et al, 2008;Bener et al, 2018). The current study is consistent with earlier reported the correlation between metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance and the risk of thyroid cancer (Marrero, 2010;Ghazali et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2010;Kir et al, 2018;Bener et al, 2018).…”