Relationship between MMR vaccination and severity of Covid-19 infection. Survey among primary care physicians

López-Martín, Inmaculada; Esteban, Eva; García‐Martínez, Francisco Javier

doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2020.10.006

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There is growing epidemiological evidence that vaccinations can impact morbidity and mortality beyond their effect on the diseases they prevent. 20,21 In COVID-19, a significant association between MMR vaccination status and lower COVID-19 severity was observed, 50 and high titers of mumps antibodies were more likely to be associated with asymptomatic or less severe COVID-19. 51 These studies were, however, limited by small sample size 50,51 or survey research methodology 50 and may be confounded by co-variables that influence both the likelihood of getting vaccinated with MMR or Tdap and the risk for progressing to severe COVID.…”

Section: Effect Of Tdap and Mmr Immunization On Covid-19 Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…20,21 In COVID-19, a significant association between MMR vaccination status and lower COVID-19 severity was observed, 50 and high titers of mumps antibodies were more likely to be associated with asymptomatic or less severe COVID-19. 51 These studies were, however, limited by small sample size 50,51 or survey research methodology 50 and may be confounded by co-variables that influence both the likelihood of getting vaccinated with MMR or Tdap and the risk for progressing to severe COVID. S3), a skewing that is consistent with vaccination scheduling, because the single trivalent MMR is given in childhood and only became available in 1971, 52 whereas the Tdap is given as a booster every 10 years.…”

Section: Effect Of Tdap and Mmr Immunization On Covid-19 Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Protective heterologous T cell immunity in COVID-19 induced by the trivalent MMR and Tdap vaccine antigens

Mysore

Culleré

Settles

et al. 2021

Med

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BACKGROUND T cells control viral infection and promote vaccine durability and in COVID-19 associate with mild disease. We investigated whether prior Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) or Tetanus-Diptheria-Pertussis (Tdap) vaccination elicit cross-reactive T cells that mitigate COVID-19. METHODS Antigen presenting cells (APC) loaded ex vivo with SARS-CoV-2, MMR or Tdap antigens and autologous T cells from COVID-19 convalescent and uninfected individuals, and COVID-19 mRNA vaccinated donors were co-cultured and T cell activation and phenotype were detected by IFN-γ ELISpot assays and flow cytometry. ELISA assays and validation studies identified the APC-derived cytokine(s) driving T cell activation. TCR clonotyping and scRNA-seq identified cross-reactive T cells and their transcriptional profile. A propensity-weighted analysis of COVID-19 patients estimated the effects of MMR and Tdap vaccination on COVID-19 outcomes. FINDINGS High correlation was observed between T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 (Spike-S1 and Nucleocapsid) and MMR and Tdap proteins in COVID-19 convalescent and vaccinated individuals. The overlapping T cell population contained an effector memory T cell subset (TEMRA) implicated in protective, anti-viral immunity and their detection required APC-derived IL-15, known to sensitize T cells to activation. Cross-reactive TCR repertoires detected in antigen-experienced T cells recognizing SARS-CoV-2, MMR and Tdap epitopes had TEMRA features. Indices of disease severity were reduced in MMR or Tdap vaccinated individuals by 32-38% and 20-23% respectively, among COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS Tdap and MMR memory T cells reactivated by SARS-CoV-2 may provide protection against severe COVID-19 disease. FUNDING National Institutes of Health (R01HL065095, R01AI152522, R01NS097719), donation from Barbara and Amos Hostetter and the Chleck Foundation.

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Section: Effect Of Tdap and Mmr Immunization On Covid-19 Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Effect Of Tdap and Mmr Immunization On Covid-19 Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Protective heterologous T cell immunity in COVID-19 induced by the trivalent MMR and Tdap vaccine antigens

Mysore

Culleré

Settles

et al. 2021

Med

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“…3 These NSE have also been reported in other vaccines such as MMR. 4 , 5 The Emirates International Hospital (EIH) functions as one of the centers for Covid-19 testing in the region as well as treating infected patients, putting the hospital staff at an elevated risk. In the first half of March 2020, at the upslope of the Covid-19 curve in the UAE, a decision was made by the EIH Covid-19 safety committee to offer a booster BCG (Serum Institute of India PVT.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of booster BCG vaccination in preventing Covid-19 infection

Amirlak¹,

Haddad

Hardy³

et al. 2021

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The evidence that BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine may increase the ability of the immune system to fight off pathogens other than tuberculosis has been studied in the past. This nonspecific immunity gained our interest, especially after initial reports of less cases in countries with universal BCG vaccination. In hopes of possible protective immunity, all staff of the Emirates International Hospital (United Arab Emirates) were offered a booster BCG vaccine in early March 2020. All the hospital staff were then tested for Covid-19 infection by the end of June 2020. We divided the subjects into two groups: booster vaccinated versus unvaccinated. The rate of Covid-19 infection was compared between the groups. Criteria included all staff who were offered the vaccine. Seventy-one subjects received the booster vaccination. This group had zero cases of positive COVID 19 infection. Two hundred nine subjects did not receive the vaccination, with 18 positive PCR confirmed COVID 19 cases. The infection rate in the unvaccinated group was 8.6% versus zero in the booster vaccinated group (Fisher’s exact test p -value = .004). Our findings demonstrated the potential effectiveness of the booster BCG vaccine, specifically the booster in preventing Covid-19 infections in an elevated-risk healthcare population.

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“…However, children with pre-existing illnesses are high-risk groups for COVID-19 infection [118] . Also, trained immunity in children due to routine live vaccines, including measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), polio, and BCG vaccination [119] , [120] , [121] , [122] , and protective Th2 immunity by cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 as well as the ability to reproduce the pulmonary epithelium can control COVID-19 infection at the site of virus entry [123] ( Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2: Current trends in emerging variants, pathogenesis, immune responses, potential therapeutic, and vaccine development strategies

Salimi-Jeda

Mousavizadeh

et al. 2021

International Immunopharmacology

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Relationship between MMR vaccination and severity of Covid-19 infection. Survey among primary care physicians

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Protective heterologous T cell immunity in COVID-19 induced by the trivalent MMR and Tdap vaccine antigens

Protective heterologous T cell immunity in COVID-19 induced by the trivalent MMR and Tdap vaccine antigens

Effectiveness of booster BCG vaccination in preventing Covid-19 infection

SARS-CoV-2: Current trends in emerging variants, pathogenesis, immune responses, potential therapeutic, and vaccine development strategies

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