“…Freshwater plants and animals are continuously exposed to anthropogenic toxicants, which leads to their death and destruction of the biocenosis [ [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] ]. Macroinvertebrates play a key role in the trophic chain of freshwater ecosystems, and they are excellent indicators of water quality, especially larvae of amphibiotic insects due to the high sensitivity to any type of pollution [ [27] , [28] , [29] ]. Moreover, macroinvertebrates play a pivotal role in the transformation of substances and energy in water bodies, they create an environment for the aquatic inhabitants and participate in the enhancement of water quality [ 30 , 31 ].However, there are few studies of carbon nanomaterial toxicity in freshwater invertebrates [ [32] , [33] , [34] ], and, to the best of authors’ knowledge, still there is no study of CNFs influence on freshwater invertebrates.…”