“…This trend shows that between the surface and internal areas of the film, the number of pores per unit area, i.e., pore density, was different, where the density decreased inside the film. The porosity of a porous alumina film prepared under the self-ordering condition, where pores are arranged regularly over a long distance, was approximately 10%, 21,22) indicating that the ratio of the pore diameter to interpore distance is approximately 1/3. However, the pore diameter/interpore distance ratio of sample b prepared in the H 3 PO 4 electrolyte solution at 60 V was 0.63, where the porosity was estimated to be approximately 40%.…”