Relationship between smoking and a new index of arterial stiffness, the cardio-ankle vascular index, in male workers: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundCigarette smoking is one of the major factors that increases arterial stiffness. The purpose of this study was to examine further the relationship between smoking status and arterial stiffness using a new index, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), in male Japanese workers.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 4,729 male Japanese workers undergoing annual health checkups. CAVI was measured at the time of the annual health checkup between April 2007 and March 2008. The subjects were divided into three groups, smokers (n = 1,913), former smokers (n = 1,481) and non-smokers (n = 1,348) according to their responses to a questionnaire. We compared the CAVI in the three groups after adjusting for age. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association between CAVI and the number of cigarettes smoked per day in order to examine whether there was a dose–response relationship between smoking and CAVI.ResultsThe mean CAVI for each group was 7.81 ± 0.02 for smokers, 7.70 ± 0.02 for former smokers and 7.64 ± 0.02 for non-smokers. A significant difference was observed between each group. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, the standardized β of the number of cigarettes smoked per day was 0.09 (p < 0.01). This confirmed a positive association with CAVI.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that there is a significant association between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and arterial stiffness, as measured by CAVI.

Smoking and Female Sex: Independent Predictors of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Stiffening

“…The exposure to tobacco is also an independent risk factor for arterial rigidity [ 30 , 31 ] and the exposure removal is incapable of completely reversing the established vascular mechanical modifications [ 32 ]. The abnormal vascular contractility observed in smokers has been always extensively associated with the injury of endothelial cells due to oxidative and inflammatory stress [ 24 , 33 ].…”

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease-Related Risks in Chinese Older Adults

“…Other lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity are reportedly related to both unhealthy dietary patterns (25) and mortality risks (26). The effect of cigarette smoking on weight status and blood pressure has been less studied in older people than it has been studied in adulthood, in which smoking has been found to be associated with increased arterial stiffness (27) and dyslipidemia (28–30). Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in older adults and has been found to be associated with high blood pressure (31, 32), high serum cholesterol, and lipid cholesterol, as well as glucose intolerance (33).…”

<p>The Impact of Endoscopic Stapler Selection on Bleeding at the Vascular Stump in Pulmonary Artery Transection</p>

“…Smoking has been shown to correlate with arterial wall stiffness and so may impact arterial wall integrity during surgery, which could potentially contribute to bleeding. 6,7 In this study, Brinkman's index differed between groups; however, scores did not correlate with bleeding and so it was unlikely that differences in patient smoking histories significantly biased the findings of this study. The mean age of patients in all stapler groups was comparable (68-69 years); therefore, as the physical properties of pulmonary vessels are known to change with age, 8 our results may best inform surgeries for this patient demographic.…”