Relationship between the cross-link structure and properties of peroxide and sulfur-cured magnetic composites based on NR and NBR

Kruželák, Ján; Sykora, Richard E.; Dosoudil, Rastislav; Hudeč, Ivan

doi:10.1177/0095244316672094

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The type of co-agent has also almost no influence on the magnetic properties of tested composites. The results just confirmed the presumption that magnetic characteristics of rubber magnets are dependent mainly on the type and content of applied magnetic filler with almost no influence of curing system composition, as it has also been demonstrated in our previous research [52,53,54].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Reinforcement of Rubber Magnetic Composites with Zinc Salts of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acids

et al. 2018

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Strontium ferrite was compounded with acrylonitrile butadiene rubber to prepare rubber magnetic composites. For cross-linking of the prepared materials, peroxide curing systems consisting of dicumyl peroxide as curing agent and zinc salts of acrylic and methacrylic acids as co-agents were used. The amount of strontium ferrite was kept constant in all experiments, while the main objective of the work was to investigate the composition of curing system and both types of co-agents on the cross-linking, physical-mechanical, dynamic and magnetic properties of the rubber magnets. The results showed that the change in composition of curing system has significant influence on cross-link density and properties of the tested composite materials. With an increasing amount of zinc based co-agents, significant improvement of tensile strength was achieved. The application of zinc based co-agents in peroxide vulcanization of rubber magnetic composites leads to the preparation of rubber magnets with not only good magnetic properties, but also with improved physical-mechanical characteristics.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Reinforcement of Rubber Magnetic Composites with Zinc Salts of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acids

et al. 2018

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“…By contrast, rigid and shorter carbon–carbon cross‐links restrict the mobility and orientation of macromolecular chains when stretched. Moreover, the formed bonds cause increased deformation stiffness, because of less mobility of macromolecular chains and thus lower mechanical properties of vulcanizates . Based on the outlined facts, the opposite tendency of tensile strength in dependence of curing systems composition should be observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cross‐linking and properties of rubber magnetic composites cured with different curing systems

Kruželák

Chodák

Mošková

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Rubber magnetic composites were prepared by incorporation of strontium ferrite into rubber compounds based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber. The sulfur, peroxide, and mixed sulfur/peroxide curing systems were introduced as cross-linking agents for rubber matrices. The aim was to investigate the influence of curing system composition on curing process and cross-link density of composite materials. Then, static and dynamic mechanical properties and thermal and magnetic characteristics were investigated in relation to the cross-link density of rubber magnetic composites and structure of the formed cross-links. The changes of dynamical and physicomechanical properties were in close correlation with the change of cross-link density, whereas the tensile strength of magnetic composites showed increasing trend with increasing amount of peroxide in mixed curing systems. On the other hand, thermal conductivity and magnetic characteristics were found not to be dependent on the curing system composition. Incorporation of magnetic crystalline ferrites into various rubber matrices leads to the preparation of magnets, known as ferrite rubber magnets. [5][6][7][8] Rubber magnetic composites are materials that consisted of at least 2 phases, magnetic powder as filler and continuous rubbermatrix. An advantage of these materials is the fact that they are possible to be prepared and processed by the technologies typically used for polymer composites processing. Rubber magnetic composites show excellent flexibility and easy workability, and moreover, they are characterized by good magnetic characteristics. They can be bent, coiled, and shaped without the loss of their magnetic characteristics. Additionally, they are very resistant to corrosion; therefore, no surface treatment is necessary.A lot of vulcanization systems have already been investigated as cross-linking agents for rubber formulations, among which sulfur and peroxide curing systems are still the most frequently used.Sulfur vulcanization is the oldest method used for cross-linking of unsaturated elastomers. It is a complex process that leads to the forming of different types of sulfide cross-links between macromolecules of rubber, namely, monosulfide C-S-C, disulfide C-S 2 -C, and polysulfide cross-links C-S x -C (x = 3-6). In general, sulfur-cured vulcanizates exhibit good tensile properties, high tensile and tear strength, and good elastic behavior, but weak high-temperature stability and poor resistance to aging. 9-13The application of peroxide curing system in cross-linking of elastomers leads to the forming of covalent carbon-carbon crosslinks between elastomer chain segments. C-C bonds have higher dissociation energy in comparison with sulfidic cross-links; therefore, peroxide-vulcanized elastomers exhibit higher thermal stability and good resistance to thermo-oxidative aging. Good electrical properties, low compression set, and no discoloration of the final products are next cognitive features of peroxide cured vulcaniz...

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“…During the curing process, the molecular chains of rubber reacted with a suitable curing system, which resulted in the formation of cross-linked three-dimensional structures within the rubber matrix [ 22 ]. Accelerated systems of sulfur vulcanization are the most ancient and diffusely used curing systems in the rubber industry [ 23 ], where they can be categorized as conventional (CV), semi-efficient (semi-EV), and efficient (EV) vulcanization systems [ 24 ]. The section of CV, semi-EV, and EV systems depend on the ratio, where the accelerator and sulfur (A/S) is between 0.2–12 [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The section of CV, semi-EV, and EV systems depend on the ratio, where the accelerator and sulfur (A/S) is between 0.2–12 [ 25 ]. During sulfur vulcanization, different types of sulfide crosslinks between rubber molecular chains are formed [ 23 ]. Sulfide crosslinks are connected to the mechanical property of rubber materials such as the dynamic mechanical properties, hardness, and elasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing Behaviors of Sulfur-Containing Silane Coupling Agent in Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers with Various Vulcanization Systems

2020

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Magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) is known as an intelligent material constituted of a rubber matrix as well as soft magnetic particles. Silane coupling agents are used to raise the interplay between the inorganic particles and rubber matrix. Silane coupling agent, bis-[-3-(trimethylsilyl propyl)tetra sulfide] (Si69), was picked for comparison of its reinforcing efficiency in the MRE with various vulcanization systems: a conventional (CV), semi-efficient (semi-EV), and efficient (EV) vulcanization system. The outcome illustrated that not only was there improved Si69 surface hydrophobicity of the magnetic particles, but also enhanced Si69 in the interplay between the rubber matrix and magnetic particles. On one hand, the saturated induced magnetic modulus and zero magnetic field modulus of MRE was increased in the vulcanization system, and the loss factor was reduced after the magnetic particles were modified by Si69. On the other hand, the effect of Si69 on the MRE depended on the vulcanization system. The Si69 provided better enhancements in the EV system due to effects of the sulfur contribution of Si69.

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Relationship between the cross-link structure and properties of peroxide and sulfur-cured magnetic composites based on NR and NBR

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Reinforcement of Rubber Magnetic Composites with Zinc Salts of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acids

Reinforcement of Rubber Magnetic Composites with Zinc Salts of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acids

Cross‐linking and properties of rubber magnetic composites cured with different curing systems

Reinforcing Behaviors of Sulfur-Containing Silane Coupling Agent in Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers with Various Vulcanization Systems

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