Relationship between the properties of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydrides and their additive derivatives

Hancsók, Jenő; Bartha, L.; Baladincz, J.; Kocsis, Zoltán

doi:10.1002/ls.3010110307

“…The PIBs used have unsaturated groups, which are primarily vinylidene and are very reactive with MAA. The PIB used for PIBSA‐I is prepared cationically in the presence of boron trifluoride (BF 3 ) as the catalyst (Lewis acid catalyst) 4, 5, 7, 11, 12. The reaction produces a SA with one of its H atoms substituted with PIB.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PIB used in this process is prepared cationically in the presence of aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) as the catalyst. Although, the PIB used in this reaction also have unsaturated groups, a lower proportion of these are vinylidene, making the material less reactive towards MAA 4, 5, 7, 11, 12. This process uses lower temperatures (usually between 180 and 190°C) and chlorine is needed in the reaction to help produce the PIBSA products (see Scheme ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride chemistries using mass spectrometry

Rivera-Tirado

¹

,

Aaserud

²

,

Wesdemiotis

³

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Representative Polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) samples have been studied by different MS techniques including Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance MS (ESI‐FTMS) (positive and negative modes), Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance MS (negative mode), and Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐Flight (positive and negative modes). Negative ion ESI‐FTMS produces the best results. Differences between “mono‐succan” and “di‐succan” content can readily be observed. The source of the PIBSA (PIBSA‐I and PIBSA‐II processes) can be easily distinguished and the formation of methyl esters and amide derivatives can provide complementary data. The experiments have demonstrated the capabilities of mass spectrometry to detect and characterize such polymers samples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

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“…Consequently, the most proposed surfactant in the first patents in the 1960-1970s were sorbitan esters with one, two or three stearic or oleic chains, i.e., the typical so-called Span products. More recently, derivatives of the polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA) have been preferred by companies formulating the emulsion explosives, with a polyisobutylene part having a MW of about 1,000 Da, i.e., about 80 carbon atoms [399]. The PIBSA is producing surfactant derivatives by reacting with ethylenediamine, diethylene tetramine, mono/di-ethanolamines, urea, methyl urea, biuret or triuret, aminourea, polysuccinimide, alkyl or aryl compounds with nitrile, keto, halogen, nitro, and other structures, some of them shown in Figure 27.…”

Section: Explosive Products Made With An Unusual W/o Emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation in Surfactant Systems: From-Winsor-to-HLDN

Salager¹,

Márquez²,

Bullón³

et al. 2022

Preprint

1

0

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Formulation is an ancient concept, although the word has been used only recently. The first formulations made our civilization advance by inventing bronze, steel, and gunpowder; then, it was used in medieval alchemy. When chemistry became a science and with the golden age of organic synthesis, the second formulation period began. This made it possible to create new chemical species and new combinations “à la carte.” However, the research and developments were still carried out by trial and error. Finally, the third period of formulation history began after World War II, when the properties of a system were associated with its ingredients and the way they were assembled or combined. Therefore, the formulation and the systems’ phenomenology were related to the generation of some synergy to obtain a commercial product. Winsor’s formulation studies in the 1950s were enlightening for academy and industries that were studying empirically surfactant-oil-water (SOW) systems. One of its key characteristics was how the interfacial interaction of the adsorbed surfactant with oil and water phases could be equal by varying the physicochemical formulation of the system. Then, Hansen’s solubility parameter in the 1960s helped to reach a further understanding of the affinity of some substances to make them suitable to oil and water phases. In the 1970s, researchers such as Shinoda and Kunieda, and different groups working in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), among them Schechter and Wade’s group at the University of Texas, made formulation become a science by using semiquantitative correlations to attain specific characteristics in a system (e.g., low oil-water interfacial tension, formulation of a stable O/W or W/O emulsion, or high-performance solubilization in a bicontinuous microemulsion system at the so-called optimum formulation). Nowadays, over 40 years of studies with the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation equation (HLD) have made it feasible for formulators to improve products in many different applications using surfactants to attain a target system using HLD in its original or its normalized form, i.e., HLDN. Thus, it can be said that there is still current progress being made towards an interdisciplinary applied science with numerical guidelines. In the present work, the state-of-the-art of formulation in multiphase systems containing two immiscible phases like oil and water, and therefore systems with heterogeneous or micro-heterogeneous interfaces, is discussed. Surfactants, from simple to complex or polymeric, are generally present in such systems to solve a wide variety of problems in many areas. Some significant cases are presented here as examples dealing with petroleum, foods, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, detergency, and other products occurring as dispersions, emulsions, or foams, that we find in our everyday lives.

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“…Thus, passing to an inverse emulsion W/O at high salinity according to the HLD equation discussed previously because of the strong effect of the LnS term to change the HLD sign.However, such short and n-alkyl tail surfactant candidates were not very good at strongly stabilizing the W/O emulsion because of the thin film produced.Consequently, the most proposed surfactant in the first patents in the 1960-1970s were sorbitan esters with one, two or three stearic or oleic chains, i.e., the typical so-called Span products. More recently, derivatives of the polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA) have been preferred byPreprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 1 March 2022 doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0011.v1companies formulating the emulsion explosives, with a polyisobutylene part having a MW of about 1,000 Da, i.e., about 80 carbon atoms[399]. The PIBSA is producing surfactant derivatives by reacting with ethylenediamine, diethylene tetramine, mono/di-ethanolamines, urea, methyl urea, biuret or triuret, aminourea, polysuccinimide, alkyl or aryl compounds with nitrile, keto, halogen, nitro, and other structures, some of them shown in Figure27.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation in Surfactant Systems: From-Winsor-to-HLDN

Salager¹,

Márquez²,

Bullón³

et al. 2022

Preprint

2

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Formulation is an ancient concept, although the word has been used only recently. The first formulations made our civilization advance by inventing bronze, steel, and gunpowder; then, it was used in medieval alchemy. When chemistry became a science and with the golden age of organic synthesis, the second formulation period began. This made it possible to create new chemical species and new combinations “à la carte.” However, the research and developments were still carried out by trial and error. Finally, the third period of formulation history began after World War II, when the properties of a system were associated with its ingredients and the way they were assembled or combined. Therefore, the formulation and the systems’ phenomenology were related to the generation of some synergy to obtain a commercial product. Winsor’s formulation studies in the 1950s were enlightening for academy and industries that were studying empirically surfactant-oil-water (SOW) systems. One of its key characteristics was how the interfacial interaction of the adsorbed surfactant with oil and water phases could be equal by varying the physicochemical formulation of the system. Then, Hansen’s solubility parameter in the 1960s helped to reach a further understanding of the affinity of some substances to make them suitable to oil and water phases. In the 1970s, researchers such as Shinoda and Kunieda, and different groups working in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), among them Schechter and Wade’s group at the University of Texas, made formulation become a science by using semiquantitative correlations to attain specific characteristics in a system (e.g., low oil-water interfacial tension, formulation of a stable O/W or W/O emulsion, or high-performance solubilization in a bicontinuous microemulsion system at the so-called optimum formulation). Nowadays, over 40 years of studies with the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation equation (HLD) have made it feasible for formulators to improve products in many different applications using surfactants to attain a target system using HLD in its original or its normalized form, i.e., HLDN. Thus, it can be said that there is still current progress being made towards an interdisciplinary applied science with numerical guidelines. In the present work, the state-of-the-art of formulation in multiphase systems containing two immiscible phases like oil and water, and therefore systems with heterogeneous or micro-heterogeneous interfaces, is discussed. Surfactants, from simple to complex or polymeric, are generally present in such systems to solve a wide variety of problems in many areas. Some significant cases are presented here as examples dealing with petroleum, foods, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, detergency, and other products occurring as dispersions, emulsions, or foams, that we find in our everyday lives.

show abstract

Relationship between the properties of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydrides and their additive derivatives

Cited by 10 publications

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Characterization of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride chemistries using mass spectrometry

Characterization of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride chemistries using mass spectrometry

Formulation in Surfactant Systems: From-Winsor-to-HLDN

Formulation in Surfactant Systems: From-Winsor-to-HLDN

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