Relationship between the Source of Energy Intake and Obesity in Korean Women Using the Average of Four 3-day Dietary Records

Shin, Myung-Hee; Yoon, Mi-Ock; Nam, Seok Jin; Song, Yun-Mi

doi:10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.1.45

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…rather than total energy consumption, suggesting that calorie differences were not the only cause of obesity. 15,16 Dietary macronutrient composition have an impact on body weight independent of energy intake. The present study showed, under ad libitum condition, lowering the CHO-to-fat ratio by adding lard resulted in a rising of body weight, whereas average daily energy intake did not increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although obesity is the result of a positive energy balance imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, some epidemiological studies reported that the development of obesity correlated better with dietary fat intake rather than total energy consumption, suggesting that calorie differences were not the only cause of obesity. 15,16 Dietary macronutrient composition have an impact on body weight independent of energy intake. The present study showed, under ad libitum condition, lowering the CHO-to-fat ratio by adding lard resulted in a rising of body weight, whereas average daily energy intake did not increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate-to-fat ratio affects food intake and body weight in Wistar rats

Tang

et al. 2010

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of carbohydrate-to-fat ratio on body weight and appetite regulation in Wistar rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomized to three dietary groups (n = 8): normal carbohydrate diet (NC), low-carbohydrate diet (LC) and high-carbohydrate diet (HC) for 12 weeks. Body weight and food intake were recorded. Circulating leptin and insulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay method. The expression levels of leptin receptor, insulin receptor, orexin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC-4R) in the hypothalamus were also measured by realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the LC group, food intake reduced while body weight increased significantly compared with the NC and HC groups. Plasma leptin levels increased in the LC (18.5 +/- 8.2 ng/mL) group compared with the NC (8.6 +/- 3.8 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and HC (6.6 +/- 1.9 ng/mL, P < 0.001) groups. Realtime reverse transcription-PCR revealed a decrease in the hypothalamic expression level of only leptin receptor in the LC (0.764, 0.471-4.648 copy/mL) and HC (0.357, 0.129-0.781 copy/mL) groups compared with the NC (1.323, 0.616-2.392 copy/mL; P = 0.01) group, and that there was no significant change in those of insulin receptor, AgRP, Orexin, NPY and MC-4R. Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet raised body weight, which led to a rising of circulating leptin levels and a reduced expression of leptin receptor in the hypothalamus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate-to-fat ratio affects food intake and body weight in Wistar rats

Tang

et al. 2010

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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“…There was no difference in the TEI in all three BMI groups. However, when stratified by age, a positive correlation was observed between polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in younger women and animal protein intake in older women and BMI (Shin et al, 2007).…”

Section: Food Diaries and Dietary Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 86%

Development of protocols to identify high hunger and low satiety phenotypes

Elfarssi¹

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Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic. Impaired appetite control is associated with weight gain. People who have difficulties in recognising their appetite sensations before and after a meal and who do not eat in response to their appetite sensations seem to be more susceptible to weight gain. These individuals may represent the ‘low satiety phenotype.’ The objective of the present study was to extend and test the work identified in the literature regarding the identification of a satiety phenotype. To identify, at baseline, individuals who struggle to lose weight on weight management programmes, due to reduced satiety, to help clinical professionals to identify those people at baseline so that they can use personalised weight loss strategies to help them. The work included studies in an acute laboratory setting and clinical studies. The first laboratory setting study was a pilot study to allow the researcher to gain expertise in the methods used to assess satiety phenotypes in people with obesity by analysing blood samples for gut hormone levels, subjective ratings of appetite response to a test meal, Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) subscales, food diaries and food craving. A second laboratory based study identified a satiety phenotype in individuals with normal weight by measuring energy intake in an ad libitum test meal, as well as energy intake from a 3 day food diary. Subjective ratings of appetite response, gut hormones, TFEQ and food cravings were also assessed. This study developed methods to subsequently use in a clinical community by designing a heat map, which is a visual presentation tool including independent variables, scores to help clinical professionals working in clinical settings to follow this scoring system to identify individuals who have low or high satiety prior to participation in weight management programmes. Clinical studies were carried out on individuals with obesity by determining at baseline, variables prior to participation in a weight management programme to identify those who struggle to lose weight. In the study carried out in a Tier 3 setting, fasting samples of plasma gut hormones, subjective ratings of appetite response and TFEQ subscales were used to predict subsequent weight loss and reduced satiety. In a Tier 2 setting study, food diaries, food craving and TFEQ subscales were used to identify those who may struggle to lose weight. In the acute laboratory setting, subjective ratings of appetite response were found to be the best measure to identify satiety phenotypes and this was combined with other predictive measures to build the heat maps. In the clinical studies, subjective ratings of appetite response were the best baseline measures to predict weight loss. In the Tier 3 study, subjective ratings of appetite response predicted weight loss and people with reduced satiety, as determined using the heat map tool, on average lost more body mass, BMI and waist circumference although the difference was not significant. In the Tier 2 study, carbohydrate food craving predicted subsequent weight loss. In conclusion, the novel findings in this study are the further development of protocols to identify high hunger and low satiety phenotypes. These will inform researchers and staff in clinical community settings to identify people who have a low satiety phenotype and may inform personalised treatments. However, further studies are needed with larger sample sizes to fully elucidate and validate the above findings.

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The Effect of Nutrition Education and Excercise Program on Body Composition and Dietary Intakes, Blood Lipid and Physical Fitness in Obese Women

Lee

Chang

et al. 2009

Korean J Nutr

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Relationship between the Source of Energy Intake and Obesity in Korean Women Using the Average of Four 3-day Dietary Records

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Carbohydrate-to-fat ratio affects food intake and body weight in Wistar rats

Carbohydrate-to-fat ratio affects food intake and body weight in Wistar rats

Development of protocols to identify high hunger and low satiety phenotypes

The Effect of Nutrition Education and Excercise Program on Body Composition and Dietary Intakes, Blood Lipid and Physical Fitness in Obese Women

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