Relationship between thermal environment, thermoregulatory responses and energy metabolism in goats: A comprehensive review

Lima, Ana Rebeca Castro; Silveira, Robson Mateus Freitas; Castro, Maria Samires Martins; Vecchi, L.B.D.; Fernandes, Márcia Helena Machado Rocha da; Resende, Kléber Tomás de

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103324

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thyroid hormones play a special role in this process since a decrease in the synthesis of triiodothyronine and thyroxine at elevated temperatures leads to an increase in the intensity of oxidative processes in cells. This leads to an increase in oxygen consumption and cellular heat production, which increases the basal metabolic rate [6,8]. The redistribution of blood flow in this case is directed to a greater extent to the periphery, due to which there is a loss of excess heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is expressed in changes in behavioral reactions, such as a decrease in the consumption of dry matter and an increase in water consumption. This leads to a change in microbial profile and a decrease in rumen activity, followed by a loss of productivity [6][7][8]. During the changes in humoral regulation (along the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), hormones (prolactin, cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine) perform thermoregulatory adjustments, directing metabolic reactions adjusted for heat stress [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to a change in microbial profile and a decrease in rumen activity, followed by a loss of productivity [6][7][8]. During the changes in humoral regulation (along the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), hormones (prolactin, cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine) perform thermoregulatory adjustments, directing metabolic reactions adjusted for heat stress [7,8]. Thyroid hormones play a special role in this process since a decrease in the synthesis of triiodothyronine and thyroxine at elevated temperatures leads to an increase in the intensity of oxidative processes in cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The redistribution of blood flow in this case is directed to a greater extent to the periphery, due to which there is a loss of excess heat. Adaptive rearrangements require high energy costs, which leads to a decrease in productivity and a decrease in the content of fat, protein, lactose and some other indicators of milk quality [8,9]. Thus, the dominant of "productivity" is replaced by "the dominant of adaptation to elevated temperature" [7,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Changes in the Antioxidant Activity and Biochemical Parameters of Goat Milk

Voronina

Zaitsev

Savina

et al. 2023

Animals

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Goats are ubiquitous, including in hot and dry regions, while also being very sensitive to climate fluctuations, expressed in temperature differences. This affects their productivity and milk quality. Adaptation to heat requires high energy costs, affects “neurohumoral” regulation and is accompanied by oxidative stress with the increased production of free radicals. The aim was to study the main biochemical parameters of goat milk and its antioxidant activity depending on the season of the year. Sampling was carried out in April, June, August and October. Analysis of the biochemical components and antioxidant activity of goat milk was performed using modern analytical systems. From spring to autumn, the mass fraction of true or crude proteins in goat milk increased by 14.6–63.7% or by 12.3–52.1%, and the mass fraction of caseins also increased by 13.6–60.6%. For vitamin C level and the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants, a pronounced gradual decrease from spring to autumn was observed. In the summer period, a small increase in the carotene level in milk (by 3.0–6.1% compared to April) was established. Vitamin A content increased by 86.5% (June) or by 70.3% (October) compared to April. Thus, the numerous significant changes in the major parameters of goat’s milk depending on the season were revealed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Changes in the Antioxidant Activity and Biochemical Parameters of Goat Milk

Voronina

Zaitsev

Savina

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Many factors (e.g., breed, genetics, health state, body condition, and skin color) affect metabolism, thermal exchange rate, and insulation, all of which contribute to animal thermal comfort [4]. The optimal internal temperature ranges for different animals and is determined by several factors, including the temperature of the ambient environment and energy requirements [5]. Throughout the world, small ruminants are affected by heat stress regularly [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulation in Sheep and Goats: A Review

Al-Ramamneh

2023

AJOB

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Thermoregulation is the capability of an animal to maintain its core internal temperature by homeostasis. Small ruminants like sheep and goats acclimate to different environmental changes and often perform better during heat stress than other ruminants. Adapting small ruminants to exceptional weather events occurs through behavioral, genetic, physiological, and morphological mechanisms. Small ruminants can mitigate the consequences of thermal stress using behavioral strategies such as consuming more water, looking for shade, consuming less feed, standing instead of lying down behavior, and other morphological mechanisms such as size, shape, coat color, coat depth, pigmentation, and fat storage. Small ruminants also respond to thermal changes through physiological mechanisms such as variations in respiration, heart rate, core temperature, sweating rate, metabolic rate, and endocrine functions. From the genetic point of view, animals could inherit traits that favor their survival in specific climatic conditions. The adaptation of small ruminants to different thermal environments is determined by an elaborate network of genes with specific genome-wide DNA markers improving toleration to excessive heat. Therefore, genetic identification and analysis of thermotolerance genes should be applied as markers in breeding programs.

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Thermoregulatory, behavioral, and productive responses and physical integrity of primiparous and multiparous cows on compost barn in Brazilian tropical conditions

2023

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Relationship between thermal environment, thermoregulatory responses and energy metabolism in goats: A comprehensive review

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Seasonal Changes in the Antioxidant Activity and Biochemical Parameters of Goat Milk

Seasonal Changes in the Antioxidant Activity and Biochemical Parameters of Goat Milk

Thermoregulation in Sheep and Goats: A Review

Thermoregulatory, behavioral, and productive responses and physical integrity of primiparous and multiparous cows on compost barn in Brazilian tropical conditions

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