Relationship between vitamin D status, glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilians with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

ObjectivesDetermine the prevalence and identify predictors of hypovitaminosis D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); 2) correlate vitamin D levels with variables indicative of glycemic control and cardiovascular risk.Research design and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with consecutive patients treated at a University Hospital’s Endocrinology outpatient clinic located at 12°58′S latitude, between October 2012 and November 2013. Hypovitaminosis D was defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 ng/mL (chemiluminescence).ResultsWe evaluated 108 patients with mean duration of T2DM of 14.34 ± 8.05 years and HbA1c of 9.2 ± 2.1%. Mean age was 58.29 ± 10.34 years. Most were women (72.2%), non-white (89.8%) and had hypertension (75.9%) and dyslipidemia (76.8%). Mean BMI was 28.01 ± 4.64 kg/m2; 75.9% were overweight. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 62%. In multiple logistic regression, independent predictors of hypovitaminosis D were female gender (OR 3.10, p = 0.02), dyslipidemia (OR 6.50, p < 0.01) and obesity (OR 2.55, p = 0.07). In multiple linear regression, only total cholesterol (β = −0.36, p < 0.01) and BMI (β = −0.21, p = 0.04) remained associated with levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.ConclusionsUsing currently recommended cutoffs, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Brazilians with T2DM was as high as that of non-tropical regions. Female gender, dyslipidemia and obesity were predictors of hypovitaminosis D. Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were correlated with high cholesterol and BMI values. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether vitamin D replacement would improve these parameters and reduce hard cardiovascular outcomes.

A study of association of vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease

“…In a study conducted by Brot et al it was observed that dietary vitamin D intake, non-smoking, and physical activity (in men) were significantly associated with higher concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin. 40 In a study conducted by Rolim et al total cholesterol (β=−0.36, p<0.01) and BMI (β=−0.21, p=0.04) was independently associated with levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. 41 Like earlier studies negative relationship was found between body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, age and vitamin D level in present study. However this relationship unlike earlier studies was not found to be significant.…”

The Association of Serum Vitamin D Deficiency and Metabolic Risk Factors in Chinese Adults with Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In addition, the elevated intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) observed in subjects with low 25(OH)D3 levels might play a causal role in the pathogenesis of increased adiposity (33). Similarly to our results, many studies have reported that patients with insufficient levels of vitamin D have high prevalence of dyslipidemia, they showed that the use of this vitamin might reduce levels of TG, TC, and might improve HDL-C level (34)(35)(36)(37). Vitamin D is shown to exert a role in the transportation of cholesterol by regulating the apolipoprotein A-1 levels, and it may act in the reduction of LDL-C uptake, may decrease the formation of foam cells, and may enhance the production of HDL-C.…”

The Level of Vitamin D among Diabetic Patients

“…A study of vitamin D supplementation in type 2 diabetics with coronary artery disease showed significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance, and β cell function 15 . Hypovitaminosis D in diabetic patients was significantly correlated with the female gender, dyslipidemia and obesity 16 . Using multiple linear regression analysis, the total cholesterol and body mass index were defined as predictors for vitamin D insufficiency in Brazilian population 16 .…”

“…Hypovitaminosis D in diabetic patients was significantly correlated with the female gender, dyslipidemia and obesity 16 . Using multiple linear regression analysis, the total cholesterol and body mass index were defined as predictors for vitamin D insufficiency in Brazilian population 16 .…”