Background: Recently vitamin D has received great interests for its multiple effects on inflammatory system and potential role in atherothrombosis. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the common causes of death and disability in developed countries. Experimental evidence points to the involvement of multiple factors in coronary plaque formation, including vitamin D. The study aimed to examine the association of coronary artery disease with vitamin D level.Methods: 140 patients of CAD (coronary artery disease) and 101 age and sex matched control were enrolled in the study and 25-hyroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured. All participants were evaluated for presence of conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease. Association of vitamin D level was established after adjusting other risk factors using logistic regression analysis.Results: In our study vitamin D level is significantly lower in patient group (CAD patients) compared with control group (18.2±10.9 vs 28.8±21ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 81.4% patient in CAD patients whereas 57.7% in control group. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent predictor of CAD after adjusting effect of other risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol and level of physical activity with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.695 (1.148-6.330).Conclusions: In present study patients of coronary artery disease had significantly low level of vitamin D as compared to individual without coronary artery disease. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent predictor of CAD after adjusting other risk factors emphasizing that vitamin D can be a potential risk factor for development of coronary artery disease.

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BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a disease with multisystem involvement. Most common cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus is the presence of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diastolic left ventricular dysfunction may be early sign of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which is easily accessed by echocardiography. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in asymptomatic, nonhypertensive patients of diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A study was carried out on 110 diabetic patients. All the patients were subjected to detailed history, physical examination and specific investigations were done to find out the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction. RESULTS Diastolic dysfunction was present in 79.10% of patients. Diastolic dysfunction was present more in female than male (52.88% vs. 47.12%). Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction was the commonest form of diastolic dysfunction followed by grade 2 and grade 3. Diastolic dysfunction was positively correlated with HbA1c level (r=0.191, p=0.046), duration of diabetes (p-value <0.05, r=0.651) and advancing age (r=0.505, p<0.05).

BACKGROUND Lipid abnormalities are common in diabetes mellitus and play an important role in acceleration of atherosclerosis leading to increased cardiovascular diseases. Due to increasing burden of diabetes, it is becoming important to identify dyslipidaemia in high-risk state for diabetes especially prediabetes so that early intervention can reduce cardiovascular risk. AIM To study lipid profile in prediabetes individuals. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional case control study which included 107 prediabetes and 101 healthy controls. Lipid profile of prediabetes and controls were measured and statistically analysed. RESULT Total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, VLDL, TG/HDL ratio, and LDL/HDL ratio were significantly high whereas HDL was significantly low in prediabetes subjects as compared to controls. CONCLUSION This study showed significant lipid abnormalities in prediabetes subjects. Because of these they are at high risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, proper screening and appropriate therapy of these conditions becomes important.

Background: Diabetes is a serious public health problem that threatens the quality of life. Studies have shown that its prevalence is rapidly increasing. In India many studies have been done on diabetes and its complications but most of the studies have been done in urban area. There is limited data on diabetes from rural area. Our study is an attempt to provide data on diabetes in rural area that will guide health care professionals in managing the disease appropriately. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of chronic complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients from rural area of western Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: The study was conducted on 306 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Each patient was screened for diabetic complications, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and body mass index. Standard protocols were used to make the diagnosis of retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy. Results: There were 174 males and 132 females. Majority were less than 60 years of age. 20.26% of patients had neuropathy 15.36%, retinopathy and 5.56%, nephropathy. Risk factors of macro-vascular complication such as hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia were observed in 38.9, 55.9%, and 54.6% of patients respectively. Coronary artery disease was noticed in 9.15%. Conclusions: Present study shows that high prevalence of micro vascular complications was present at diagnosis along with cardiovascular risk factors among T2DM patient from rural area of western Uttar Pradesh, India.