Relationship of central nervous system neoplasms to Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Schuman, Leonard M.; Choi, N W; Gullen, Warren H.

doi:10.2105/ajph.57.5.848

Cited by 68 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There appeared to be a relationship between rural residence and glioma risk which has been observed in earlier studies [6,7], The only specific factor investigated which might explain this asso ciation is Toxoplasma gondi infection which has been related in particular to astrocyto mas [8], Other studies also implicate farming or rural residence in the etiology of brain tumors [9,10] although a recent report from Canada did not support the association [11], The positive studies suggest that some aspect of the rural/farming environment such as exposure to pesticides, herbicides or farm animals may influence brain cancer risk, al though a study of meningiomas in men, which found head trauma to be a risk factor, found head trauma to be a confounder which accounted for the apparent relationship be tween farm residence and meningioma [12]. There was no information on the Adventist life-style questionnaire on previous head in jury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Risk Factors for Tumors of the Brain and Cranial Meninges in Seventh-Day Adventists

et al. 1989

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We studied the occurrence of tumors of the brain and cranial meninges in a cohort of 34,000 California Seventh-Day Adventists who completed a detailed life-style questionnaire in 1976 and who were followed for cancer incidence until the end of 1982. During the period of follow-up, 31 tumors were diagnosed in the cohort (21 gliomas, 10 meningiomas). Increased risk for glioma was associated with rural residence, history of a positive tuberculosis skin test and consumption of pork products; increased meningioma risk was associated with a positive reaction to a tuberculosis skin test, previous stroke, use of tranquillizers and a vegetarian life-style in childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Risk Factors for Tumors of the Brain and Cranial Meninges in Seventh-Day Adventists

et al. 1989

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“…Several factors influence the risk of cancer of the brain, including history of some infections [48] , exposure to ionizing radiation [49] and genetic predisposition [50] . However, a subset of tumors that may be due to vitamin D inadequacy might be explained, in part, by a multiphase process that may begin with loss of intercellular adherence and contact inhibition of glial cell proliferation [4] , potentially resulting from vitamin D inadequacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Ultraviolet B and Increased Risk of Brain Cancer: An Ecological Study of 175 Countries

et al. 2010

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Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an inverse association exists between latitude, solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, modeled 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and incidence rates of cancer of the brain. Methods: Associations of latitude and UVB irradiance with age-standardized incidence rates of cancer of the brain were analyzed for 175 countries while controlling for proportion of population overweight, energy from animal sources, fish consumption, cigarette and alcohol consumption and per capita health expenditures, using multiple regression. Serum 25(OH)D levels were modeled for each country, and their association with brain cancer also was determined. Results: The incidence rates of brain cancer were higher at higher latitudes (R² for males = 0.45, p ≤ 0.0001; R² for females = 0.35, p < 0.0001). After adjustment for potential confounders, UVB irradiance (p ≤ 0.0001) and modeled serum 25(OH)D were inversely associated with incidence rates. Conclusions: Countries with low solar UVB irradiance and estimated mean serum 25(OH)D levels generally had higher age-standardized incidence rates of brain cancer. Since this was an ecological study, further research would be worthwhile on the association of prediagnostic serum 25(OH)D with incidence rate in studies of cohorts of individuals.

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“…Although one epidemiologic study (Schuman et al, 1967) convincingly linked astrocytoma with antibodies to T. gondii, a more recent study showed no association with adult glioma, but did report an association with meningioma (Ryan et al, 1993).…”

Section: Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of primary brain tumors: Current concepts and review of the literature

Wrensch¹,

Minn²,

Chew³

et al. 2002

Neuro-Oncol

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Neuro-OncologyThe purpose of this review is to provide a suf ciently detailed perspective on epidemiologic studies of primary brain tumors to encourage multidisciplinary etiologic and prognostic studies among surgeons, neuro-oncologists, epidemiologists, and molecular scientists. Molecular tumor markers that predict survival and treatment response are being identi ed with hope of even greater gains in this area from emerging array technologies. Regarding risk factors, studies of inherited susceptibility and constitutive polymorphisms in genes pertinent to carcinogenesis (for example, DNA repair and detoxi cation genes and mutagen sensitivity) have revealed provocative ndings. Inverse associations of the history of allergies with glioma risk observed in 3 large studies and reports of inverse associations of glioma with common infections suggest a possible role of immune factors in glioma genesis or progression. Studies continue to suggest that brain tumors might result from workplace, dietary, and other personal and residential exposures, but studies of cell phone use and power frequency electromagnetic elds have found little to support a causal connection with brain tumors; caveats remain. The only proven causes of brain tumors (that is, rare hereditary syndromes, therapeutic radiation, and immune suppression giving rise to brain lymphomas) account for a small proportion of cases. Progress in understanding primary brain tumors might result from studies of well-de ned histologic and molecular tumor types incorporating assessment of potentially relevant information on subject susceptibility and environmental and noninherited endogenous factors (viruses, radiation, and carcinogenic or protective chemical exposures through diet, workplace, oxidative metabolism, or other sources). Such studies will require the cooperation of researchers from many disciplines. Neuro-Oncology 4, 278-299, 2002 (Posted to Neuro-Oncology [serial online], Doc. 02-011, August 27, 2002 P rimary malignant or benign brain tumors were estimated to be newly diagnosed in about 35,519 Americans in 2001 (CBTRUS, 2000. Epidemiologic studies enhance our understanding of this heterogeneous group of diseases in 2 ways. Descriptive studies characterize the incidence of brain tumors and the mortality and survival rates associated with them with respect to histologic tumor type and demographic characteristics of patients affected, such as their age, sex, and geographic region. Analytic epidemiologic studies either compare the risk of brain tumors in people with and without certain characteristics (cohort studies) or compare the histories of people with and without brain tumors (case-control studies) to provide information on a wide range of possible risk factors, including diet, smoking, alcohol, occupation and industry, exposure to ionizing or nonionizing radiation, infections, allergies, head trauma, family history, and inherited polymorphisms in genes related to carcinogen metabolism, oxidative metabolism, and DNA repair. Because of the relative ra...

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Relationship of central nervous system neoplasms to Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Cited by 68 publications

References 8 publications

Risk Factors for Tumors of the Brain and Cranial Meninges in Seventh-Day Adventists

Risk Factors for Tumors of the Brain and Cranial Meninges in Seventh-Day Adventists

Low Ultraviolet B and Increased Risk of Brain Cancer: An Ecological Study of 175 Countries

Epidemiology of primary brain tumors: Current concepts and review of the literature

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