Relationship of Chlorogenic Acid Concentration in Sunflower Achenes to Bird Predation of Sunflower

The ecological activities of plant phenolics are diverse and highly variable. Although some variation is attributable to differences in concentration, structure, and evolutionary history of association with target organisms, much of it is unexplained, making it difficult to predict when and where phenolics will be active. I suggest that our understanding is limited by a failure to appreciate the importance of oxidative activation and the conditions that influence it. I summarize examples of oxidative activation of phenolics in ecological interactions, and argue that physicochemical conditions of the environment that control phenolic oxidation generate variation in ecological activity. Finally, I suggest that measurements of oxidative conditions can improve our predictions of phenolic activity and that experiments must be designed with conditions appropriate to the biochemical mode of phenolic action.

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Phenolics in ecological interactions: The importance of oxidation

Appel

1993

J Chem Ecol

641

412

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Bird damage to sunflower harvest

Yamaguchi¹,

Yoshida²,

Saito³

et al. 2012

Jpn. J. Ornithol.

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Sunflower has recently attracted attention as a suitable oil-producing crop for biofuel, and the area of cultivation in Japan is expected to increase. However, damage to the crop by birds is considered to be a major problem in its cultivation. We confirmed that Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis, Oriental Greenfinch Carduelis sinica and Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus all fed on sunflower seeds in four fields of sunflowers (100a in total) at the National Agricultural Research Center in Tsukuba city. Seventy doves, 5,277 greenfinches, and 318 sparrows in total were observed in the fields during 27 surveys, and the appearance ratio (the number of days the birds appeared divided by the total number of survey days) were 44.4%, 100%, and 37.0%, respectively. Both the total number and the appearance ratio were highest for the greenfinch, and the largest feeding flock consisted of 300 individuals. Damage to sunflowers occurred from the time when the flower petals were still attached, until harvest time. Damage was quantified in two of the four fields; the ratio of damaged flower heads was 72.1% in the field in which seeds were sown earlier, and 30.8 in the later sown field. The results indicate that without appropriate countermeasures being taken, birds could substantially impact sunflower harvests.

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Genetic Sources of Resistance to Blackbird Predation in Sunflower

Parfitt¹,

Fox²

1986

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Relationship of Chlorogenic Acid Concentration in Sunflower Achenes to Bird Predation of Sunflower

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Phenolics in ecological interactions: The importance of oxidation

Phenolics in ecological interactions: The importance of oxidation

Bird damage to sunflower harvest

Genetic Sources of Resistance to Blackbird Predation in Sunflower

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