Relationship of gastrointestinal histology and mucus antiparasite activity with the development of resistance to trichostrongyle infections in sheep

Douch, P.G.C.; Harriston, G.B.L.; Elliott, D. C.; Buchanan, L.L.; Greer, K.S.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(86)90129-9

Cited by 69 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The exact effector mechanism used by GLs against worms is still unclear, but as granulysin was detected in mucus, granule exocytosis could be one of these effector mechanisms. This is further supported by the observation that GL numbers previously correlated with antiparasitic activity in mucus (44).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In general, very little is known about these cells, despite numerous studies indicating the importance of GLs in parasite immunology. GLs have been associated with resistance to O. ostertagi, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, H. contortus, and other helminths in the past (43)(44)(45)(46). The exact effector mechanism used by GLs against worms is still unclear, but as granulysin was detected in mucus, granule exocytosis could be one of these effector mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Granule Exocytosis of Granulysin and Granzyme B as a Potential Key Mechanism in Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Cattle against the Nematode Ostertagia ostertagi

et al. 2013

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dOstertagia ostertagi is considered one of the most economically important bovine parasites. As an alternative to anthelmintic treatment, an experimental host-protective vaccine was previously developed on the basis of ASP proteins derived from adult worms. Intramuscular injection of this vaccine, combined with QuilA as an adjuvant, significantly reduced fecal egg counts by 59%. However, the immunological mechanisms triggered by the vaccine are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, the differences in immune responses at the site of infection, i.e., the abomasal mucosa, between ASP-QuilA-vaccinated animals and QuilA-vaccinated control animals were investigated on a transcriptomic level by using a whole-genome bovine microarray combined with histological analysis. Sixty-nine genes were significantly impacted in animals protected by the vaccine, 48 of which were upregulated. A correlation study between the parasitological parameters and gene transcription levels showed that the transcription levels of two of the upregulated genes, those for granulysin (GNLY) and granzyme B (GZMB), were negatively correlated with cumulative fecal egg counts and total worm counts, respectively. Both genes were also positively correlated with each other and with another upregulated gene, that for the IgE receptor subunit (FCER1A). Surprisingly, these three genes were also correlated significantly with CMA1, which encodes a mast cell marker, and with counts of mast cells and cells previously described as globule leukocytes. Furthermore, immunohistochemical data showed that GNLY was present in the granules of globule leukocytes and that it was secreted in mucus. Overall, the results suggest a potential role for granule exocytosis by globule leukocytes, potentially IgE mediated, in vaccine-induced protection against O. ostertagi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granule Exocytosis of Granulysin and Granzyme B as a Potential Key Mechanism in Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Cattle against the Nematode Ostertagia ostertagi

et al. 2013

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“…The number of globule leukocytes was negatively correlated with the number of T. circumcincta and T. colubriformis worms, suggesting that this cell type plays a role in the resistance of the host [2]. This is in agreement with the results of Seaton et al [12] and Stear et al [14] for T. circumcincta in lambs more than 6 months old following experimental infections, and Douch et al [4] for T. colubriformis, in the case of natural infections. Globule leukocyte counts were also negatively correlated to worm egg production and the number of eggs in utero, but only for T. circumcincta.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Regulation of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis worm populations by grazing sheep with differing resistance status

Gruner¹,

Cortet²,

Sauvé³

et al. 2004

Vet. Res.

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-In an experiment lasting 4 years, changes in the Teladorsagia circumcincta andTrichostrongylus colubriformis populations were compared in lambs and adult sheep with differing resistance statuses. Two flocks of 30 rams (resistant R and susceptible S) grazed separate pastures and 8 rams were slaughtered in the middle and at the end of each grazing season. Five groups of tracer lambs were added each year to estimate the pasture infectivity and were killed for worm counts. The availability of animals with differing resistance statuses (rams and tracer lambs) and differing levels of infection made it possible to investigate the number, size and fecundity of worms of these two species. The inflammatory response was measured in the rams by counting the globule leukocytes, mast cells and eosinophils in the fundic, pyloric and intestinal mucosa. In the tracer lambs, the daily egg production by the female worms of both species was negatively correlated with the worm burden. Worm length accounted for 60 and 70% of the variation in the number of eggs in utero for T. circumcincta and T. colubriformis respectively. Worm length was closely associated with the resistance status of the host; there were greater differences between lambs, and S and R rams for T. colubriformis. T. circumcincta worm lengths were not affected by the worm number. Globule leukocyte counts were related to the worm burdens, and mast cell counts to worm length in the R and S rams. The number, size and fecundity of the worms may well be regulated by similar mechanisms in both species, but T. colubriformis seemed to be more intensively regulated than T. circumcincta. This finding could be useful in devising more effective methods of parasite control.sheep-nematoda / Teladorsagia circumcincta / Trichostrongylus colubriformis / population dynamics / resistance

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“…circumcincta developed in two stages: first, in association with the development of a specific local IgA response that resulted in the reduction of average egg production per worm; and second, in association with the production of globule leucocytes in the abomasal mucosa that resulted in the control of number of worms. In several studies, the number of globule leucocytes was negatively correlated with the number of worms, suggesting that this cell type has a specific role in the resistance of the host (Douch et al, 1986;Stear et al, 1995;Balic et al, 2000b;Gruner et al, 2004). Significant differences in the globule leucocyte counts were also reported in St. Croix (resistant) and Dorset (susceptible) sheep (Gamble and Zajac, 1992) and Crioula Lanada sheep (resistant) and in Corriedale (susceptible) lambs (Bricarello et al, 2004).…”

Section: Mast Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nematodes release chemoattractants for eosinophils that may lead to rapid mobilization to the site of infection (Adams and Colditz, 1991). It has been reported that the injection of dexamethasone, a synthetic analogue of hydrocortisone, into parasitized sheep, reduced gut submucosal levels of globule leucocytes, mast cells and eosinophil leucocytes and resulted in increased FEC (Douch et al, 1986;Buddle et al, 1992). The role of eosinophils in parasitic infection is acknowledged universally but there are controversial statements about their concentration in resistance and susceptible animals.…”

Section: Tissue Eosinophilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers/parameters for the evaluation of natural resistance status of small ruminants against gastrointestinal nematodes

Saddiqi¹,

Sarwar

Iqbal

et al. 2012

Animal

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The high prevalence of anthelmintic-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) throughout the world has led to the need for alternative worm control strategies. One of the possible substitutes to reduce the problems of drug resistance and residue is the evaluation/breeding of small ruminants for greater resistance to the GINs (organically produced), which in turn would be a helpful tool to predict the performance of an animal. At present, the existing diversity in the genetic potential to resist/tolerate GINs infection both within and between breeds has been validated. Successful selection of animals to define the genotype and identified resistance is related to the employed markers. A number of phenotypic traits such as faecal egg count (FEC), worm burden, serum antibodies, peripheral eosinophilia, packed cell volume, live weight, serum protein and albumin concentrations have been used for this purpose both in natural and artificial infections. Relatively resistant/tolerant animals have also been found to have mastocytosis, globule leucocytes, high levels of histamine and immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgE concentrations. Of these traits, the principal and most practical measurement used to assess resistance status in animals undergoing similar parasite challenges is FEC. FEC has a positive/negative correlation with other biochemical, cellular and immunological parameters; however, the reliability of individual trial is often questioned and valuable information regarding the genetic makeup can be obtained from pooled data of a large number of trials and parameters. This paper covers all the aspects reported in the literature on various parameters considered to evaluate the resistance status of a range of small ruminant breeds.

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Relationship of gastrointestinal histology and mucus antiparasite activity with the development of resistance to trichostrongyle infections in sheep

Cited by 69 publications

References 35 publications

Granule Exocytosis of Granulysin and Granzyme B as a Potential Key Mechanism in Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Cattle against the Nematode Ostertagia ostertagi

Granule Exocytosis of Granulysin and Granzyme B as a Potential Key Mechanism in Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Cattle against the Nematode Ostertagia ostertagi

Regulation of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis worm populations by grazing sheep with differing resistance status

Markers/parameters for the evaluation of natural resistance status of small ruminants against gastrointestinal nematodes

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