Relationship of lower extremity skin blood flow to the ankle brachial index in patients with peripheral arterial disease and normal volunteers

Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral microcirculatory hemodynamics under varying degrees of hypoxia

“…The microcirculation of the skin and its regulation have been investigated under normal and pathological conditions, including various respiratory states (Babchenko et al, 1999;Levy et al, 2015), diabetes (Arora et al, 2002;Golster et al, 2005;Hosking et al, 2013;Kasalova et al, 2006;Marik, 2006;Shah et al, 2014;Urbancic-Rovan et al, 2006), vascular diseases (De Graaff et al, 2003;Morales et al, 2005;Otah et al, 2005;Przywara et al, 2004;Salminen et al, 2014), and smoking (Arora et al, 2002;Dalla et al, 2004;Rossi et al, 2014). Our aim here was to test the ability of http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2015.05.011 1569-9048/© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.…”

Use of Short-Radius Centrifugation to Augment Ankle-Brachial Indices

“…Interestingly, these normal reflexes may be attenuated based on the stimulus type (centrifugation 5 ) or may be altered in disease states. 21 For the former case, Watenpaugh et al 2 studied human cutaneous vascular responses to whole-body testing and Gz centrifugation and demonstrated that centrifugation produced less vasoconstriction than tilt.…”

“…In the case of diseased states, it has been noted that skin blood flow (measured with laser Doppler flowmetry) and its postural auto-regulation, the venoarteriolar reflexes, are significantly decreased in patients with PAD. 21 This may partly explain why patients with ischemic rest pain in the foot tend to dangle it over the edge of the bed 22 to benefit from a hydrostatic increase in BP due to gravity. Hence, although gravitational hemodynamics predict that an increase in leg BP (such as with standing) would lead to vasoconstriction and decrease in microvascular blood flow, this may not necessarily apply to short-term centrifugation or PAD patients and were not measured in the present study.…”

“…In the case of diseased states, it has been noted that skin blood flow (measured with laser Doppler flowmetry) and its postural auto-regulation, the venoarteriolar reflexes, are significantly decreased in patients with PAD. 21 This may partly explain why patients with ischemic rest pain in the foot tend to dangle it over the edge of the bed 22 to benefit from a hydrostatic increase…”

High-resolution functional photoacoustic monitoring of vascular dynamics in human fingers

“…Insufficient delivery of oxygen or nutrients negatively affects tissues, impairing physiological functions [ 3 ]. Notably, the microvessels in the extremities, such as the fingers, and toes, are connected to the heart through macrovessels, and abnormalities of these macrovessels or of the heart itself can cause serious abnormalities of the microvessels [ 4 ]. When blood is not properly supplied to an extremity, it is exposed to vascular diseases and, in severe cases, may ultimately require amputation [ 5 ].…”