Relationship of metabolic syndrome and its components with -844 G/A and HindIII C/G PAI-1 gene polymorphisms in Mexican children

Abstract

BackgroundSeveral association studies have shown that -844 G/A and HindIII C/G PAI-1 polymorphisms are related with increase of PAI-1 levels, obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia, which are components of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to analyze the allele and genotype frequencies of these polymorphisms in PAI-1 gene and its association with metabolic syndrome and its components in a sample of Mexican mestizo children.MethodsThis study included 100 children with an age range between 6-11 years divided in two groups: a) 48 children diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and b) 52 children metabolically healthy without any clinical and biochemical alteration. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following criteria: fasting glucose levels ≥ 100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dL, obesity BMI ≥ 95th percentile, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 95th percentile and insulin resistance HOMA-IR ≥ 2.4. The -844 G/A and HindIII C/G PAI-1 polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP.ResultsFor the -844 G/A polymorphism, the G/A genotype (OR = 2.79; 95% CI, 1.11-7.08; p = 0.015) and the A allele (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.10-4.43; p = 0.015) were associated with metabolic syndrome. The -844 G/A and A/A genotypes were associated with increase in plasma triglycerides levels (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.16 to 6.04; p = 0.02), decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.06 to 5.42; p = 0.03) and obesity (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.17-5.92; p = 0.01). The C/G and G/G genotypes of the HindIII C/G polymorphism contributed to a significant increase in plasma total cholesterol levels (179 vs. 165 mg/dL; p = 0.02) in comparison with C/C genotype.ConclusionsThe -844 G/A PAI-1 polymorphism is related with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the HindIII C/G PAI-1 polymorphism was associated with the increase of total cholesterol levels in Mexican children.

Association of the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Gene -675 4G/5G and -844 A/G Promoter Polymorphism with Risk of Keloid in a Chinese Han Population

“…Our findings show that PAI-1 -675 4G/4G carriers had a higher risk of developing keloid. Several studies reported that the PAI-1 -844 A/G polymorphism may contribute to the risk of some diseases [18,19]. However, in the present study, no evidence was found of a relationship between this variant and the risk of keloid.…”

Metabolic syndrome in children aged 6 to 12 years with obesity in public schools of seven municipalities in the State of Mexico

“…9 También en el estado de Guerrero, México, otro análisis realizado entre niños mestizos de 6 a 11 años de edad obtuvo una prevalencia de SM de 48%, incluyendo además la resistencia a la insulina. 17 En el mismo sentido, en otros países se encontraron prevalencias de SM distintas entre niños obesos: 19.6% en España 39 y 27.6% en China, 40 en comparación con el 20% registrado en México. 41 Estas variaciones podrían deberse a la situación particular de cada grupo de estudio y a los diferentes escenarios.…”

“…15 Diversas investigaciones refieren datos respecto a la prevalencia de SM en la población infantil y adolescente, desde los 6 hasta los 24 años. [16][17][18] En México se han publicado estudios cuyo propósito ha sido determinar la prevalencia de SM en escolares de 6 a 16 años, utilizando diferentes criterios como los del NCEP-ATP III, modificados para niños, y los de la IDF, con una variación de 6.7 a 44%. 9,[19][20][21] Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron estimar la prevalencia de SM y la de sus componentes, así como su asociación con la obesidad y el riesgo cardiovascular en niños en edad escolar, inscritos en escuelas públicas urbanas de siete municipios del Estado de México, México.…”

Genetic and Metabolic Determinants of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in Tunisian Type 2 Diabetes Patients

“…A Mexican study revealed a relationship between −844 G/A and metabolic syndrome [39]. Another study revealed an association with cardio-vascular disease and dyslipidemia [40].…”