Relationship of predominantly mild current smoking to out-of-office blood pressure in a community sample in Africa

Woodiwiss, Angela J.; Scott, Leon J; Maseko, Muzi J.; Majane, Olebogeng H.I.; Vengethasamy, Leanda; Redelinghuys, Michelle; Sareli, Pinhas; Norton, Gavin R.

doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834443ef

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…The risk of tobacco related CVD (as well as cancer) in urban African black persons is similar to that reported in developed populations [46]. Even mild current smoking was strongly associated with blood pressure in an African black population study [47]. Interestingly, psychosocial stress but not hypertension was associated with angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A concentrations, which are markers of angiogenesis that associate with vascular dysfunction in African black subjects [48].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factor Profiles Amongsupporting

confidence: 61%

Cardiovascular Disease Risk amongst African Black Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Need for Population Specific Stratification

Solomon

Tsang

Woodiwiss

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) enhances the risk of cardiovascular disease to a similar extent as diabetes. Whereas atherogenesis remains poorly elucidated in RA, traditional and nontraditional risk factors associate similarly and additively with CVD in RA. Current recommendations on CVD risk stratification reportedly have important limitations. Further, reported data on CVD and its risk factors derive mostly from data obtained in the developed world. An earlier epidemiological health transition is intrinsic to persons living in rural areas and those undergoing urbanization. It is therefore conceivable that optimal CVD risk stratification differs amongst patients with RA from developing populations compared to those from developed populations. Herein, we briefly describe current CVD and its risk factor profiles in the African black population at large. Against this background, we review reported data on CVD risk and its potential stratification amongst African black compared to white patients with RA. Routinely assessed traditional and nontraditional CVD risk factors were consistently and independently related to atherosclerosis in African white but not black patients with RA. Circulating concentrations of novel CVD risk biomarkers including interleukin-6 and interleukin-5 adipokines were mostly similarly associated with both endothelial activation and atherosclerosis amongst African black and white RA patients.

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Section: Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factor Profiles Amongsupporting

confidence: 61%

Cardiovascular Disease Risk amongst African Black Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Need for Population Specific Stratification

Solomon

Tsang

Woodiwiss

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Growth differentiating factor-15 and its association with traditional cardiovascular risk factors: The African-PREDICT study

Vermeulen

Schutte

Gafane-Matemane

et al. 2020

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Cardiovascular injury induced by tobacco products: assessment of risk factors and biomarkers of harm. A Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science compilation

Conklin

Schick

Blaha

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Although substantial evidence shows that smoking is positively and robustly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the CVD risk associated with the use of new and emerging tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes, hookah, and heat-not-burn products, remains unclear. This uncertainty stems from lack of knowledge on how the use of these products affects cardiovascular health. Cardiovascular injury associated with the use of new tobacco products could be evaluated by measuring changes in biomarkers of cardiovascular harm that are sensitive to the use of combustible cigarettes. Such cardiovascular injury could be indexed at several levels. Preclinical changes contributing to the pathogenesis of disease could be monitored by measuring changes in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, organ-specific dysfunctions could be gauged by measuring endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation), platelet aggregation, and arterial stiffness, and organ-specific injury could be evaluated by measuring endothelial microparticles and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Classical risk factors, such as blood pressure, circulating lipoproteins, and insulin resistance, provide robust estimates of risk, and subclinical disease progression could be followed by measuring coronary artery Ca2+ and carotid intima-media thickness. Given that several of these biomarkers are well-established predictors of major cardiovascular events, the association of these biomarkers with the use of new and emerging tobacco products could be indicative of both individual and population-level CVD risk associated with the use of these products. Differential effects of tobacco products (conventional vs. new and emerging products) on different indexes of cardiovascular injury could also provide insights into mechanisms by which they induce cardiovascular harm.

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Relationship of predominantly mild current smoking to out-of-office blood pressure in a community sample in Africa

Abstract: Mild current smoking is independently associated with an appreciable proportion of out-of-office BP in a black African community, an effect that is ACE genotype-dependent.

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Cardiovascular Disease Risk amongst African Black Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Need for Population Specific Stratification

Cardiovascular Disease Risk amongst African Black Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Need for Population Specific Stratification

Growth differentiating factor-15 and its association with traditional cardiovascular risk factors: The African-PREDICT study

Cardiovascular injury induced by tobacco products: assessment of risk factors and biomarkers of harm. A Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science compilation

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