Relationship of serum testosterone levels with cognitive function in chronic antipsychotic-treated male patients with schizophrenia

Li, Jin; Xiao, Wenhuan; Sha, Wei; Xian, Kangwen; Tang, Xiaowei; Zhang, Xiaobin

doi:10.1111/appy.12168

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…We find that peripheral testosterone levels within the healthy normal range significantly and positively predicted cognitive performance in the domains of verbal memory, working memory and processing speed in men with schizophrenia . Conversely, one study reported a negative association of circulating testosterone levels with measures of attention and memory in men with schizophrenia, whereas another study found no relationship with any cognitive domain; however, this sample was characterised by patients with low IQ (mean of approximately 79) indicative of borderline intellectual deficiency. Nonetheless, there is limited literature examining the relationship between testosterone and cognitive function in men with schizophrenia; however, the literature in healthy ageing generally suggests that either too low or too high testosterone levels may negatively influence cognition …”

Section: Effects Of Sex Steroid Hormones On Adolescent Brain Developmcontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Reduced testosterone has been reported in adolescent males with prodromal symptoms and in both first‐episode and acutely ill male patients . Studies find low or normal testosterone levels in adult males with schizophrenia . In addition, the prolactin‐raising properties of certain antipsychotic drugs may confound results by altering endogenous sex steroid production.…”

Section: Effects Of Sex Steroid Hormones On Adolescent Brain Developmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…71,72 Studies find low or normal testosterone levels in adult males with schizophrenia. [71][72][73][74][75] In addition, the prolactin-raising…”

Section: Studies On Endogenous Sex Steroids Levels In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Into the Relationship Between Testosterone Levels Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considering the role of adolescent sex steroids in schizophrenia

Owens

Murphy

Purves-Tyson

et al. 2018

J Neuroendocrinology

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Schizophrenia is a disabling illness that is typically first diagnosed during late adolescence to early adulthood. It has an unremitting course and is often treatment-resistant.Many clinical aspects of the illness suggest that sex steroid-nervous system interactions may contribute to the onset, course of symptoms and the cognitive impairment displayed by men and women with schizophrenia. Here, we discuss the actions of oestrogen and testosterone on the brain during adolescent development and in schizophrenia from the perspective of experimental studies in animals, human post-mortem studies, magnetic resonance imaging studies in living humans and clinical trials of sex steroid-based treatments. We present evidence of potential beneficial, as well as detrimental, effects of both testosterone and oestrogen. We provide a rationale for the necessity to further elucidate sex steroid mechanisms of action at different ages, sexes and brain regions to more fully understand the role of testosterone and oestrogen in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The weight of the evidence suggests that sex steroid hormones influence mammalian brain function, including both cognition and emotion, and that pharmaceutical agents aimed at sex steroid receptors appear to provide a novel treatment avenue to reduce symptoms and improve cognition in men and women with schizophrenia.

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Section: Effects Of Sex Steroid Hormones On Adolescent Brain Developmcontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Effects Of Sex Steroid Hormones On Adolescent Brain Developmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…71,72 Studies find low or normal testosterone levels in adult males with schizophrenia. [71][72][73][74][75] In addition, the prolactin-raising…”

Section: Studies On Endogenous Sex Steroids Levels In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Into the Relationship Between Testosterone Levels Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Considering the role of adolescent sex steroids in schizophrenia

Owens

Murphy

Purves-Tyson

et al. 2018

J Neuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Estrogens are proposed as being neuroprotective in schizophrenia, but the role of testosterone is less clear [1, 2]. Research examining peripheral testosterone in men with schizophrenia has reported either reduced levels [3-6] or no difference compared to healthy control samples [7-9]. Studies investigating the relationship between testosterone levels and schizophrenia symptom severity suggest that testosterone can mediate clinical aspects of the disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Associations of Androgen Receptor CAG Trinucleotide Repeat Length and of Raloxifene Treatment with Testosterone Levels and Perceived Stress in Schizophrenia

et al. 2018

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Lower testosterone levels are associated with greater negative symptoms in men with schizophrenia. Testosterone signals via androgen receptor (AR). A functional variant in the AR gene (CAG trinucleotide repeat polymorphism) is associated with circulating testosterone and mood-related symptoms in healthy people. Raloxifene increases testosterone in healthy males and reduces symptom severity and improves cognition in schizophrenia; however, whether raloxifene increases testosterone in men with schizophrenia is unknown. We assessed the interaction of a functional AR gene variant and adjunctive raloxifene on peripheral testosterone and symptom severity in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia (59 males and 38 females) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of adjunctive raloxifene (120 mg/day). Healthy adults (46 males and 41 females) were used for baseline comparison. Baseline circulating testosterone was decreased in male patients compared to male controls and positively correlated with CAG repeat length in male controls and female patients. Male patients with short, compared to long, CAG repeat length had higher stress scores. Raloxifene treatment increased testosterone in male patients, but was unrelated to AR CAG repeat length, suggesting that raloxifene’s effects may not depend on AR activity. Sex-specific alterations of the relationship between AR CAG repeat length and testosterone suggest that altered AR activity may impact perceived stress in men with schizophrenia.

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