Relationship of sexual dimorphism in canine size and body size to social, behavioral, and ecological correlates in anthropoid primates

Leutenegger, Walter; Kelly, James T.

doi:10.1007/bf02382954

Cited by 279 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The intensity of sexual selection depends on mating patterns. For instance, higher degrees of polygyny in a species are associated with greater male-male competition and risky male behavior (Plavcan, 2000;Plavcan and van Schaik 1997;Plavcan, van Schaik, and Kappeler 1995), larger size and armor of males, and higher male mortality rates as compared with females (Leutenegger and Kelley 1977). Male-male competition does not, however, only harm males.…”

Section: Sex-based Mortality Differentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolutionary life-history framework for understanding sex differences in human mortality rates

Kruger

Nesse

2006

Hum Nat

224

157

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Sex differences in mortality rates stem from genetic, physiological, behavioral, and social causes that are best understood when integrated in an evolutionary life history framework. This paper investigates the Male-to-Female Mortality Ratio (M:F MR) from external and internal causes and across contexts to illustrate how sex differences shaped by sexual selection interact with the environment to yield a pattern with some consistency, but also with expected variations due to socioeconomic and other factors.

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Section: Sex-based Mortality Differentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolutionary life-history framework for understanding sex differences in human mortality rates

Kruger

Nesse

2006

Hum Nat

224

157

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“…The most extremely size-dimorphic primates are gorillas, orangutans, mandrills, baboons, and proboscis monkeys, with males sometimes more than twice as large as females (Crook, 1972;Clutton-Brock et al, 1977;Leutenegger and Kelly, 1977;Plavcan and van Schaik, 1997b;Smith and Jungers, 1997). Most cercopithecoid male primates range from about 30 -80% larger than females in body mass.…”

Section: Body Mass Dimorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canine tooth size dimorphism is also common in anthropoids (Crook, 1972;Leutenegger and Kelly, 1977;Harvey et al, 1978;van Schaik, 1992, 1994). The maxillary canine teeth tend to be more dimorphic than the mandibular canines.…”

Section: "Reverse Dimorphism"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual dimorphism in primate evolution

Plavcan

2001

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

370

191

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Sexual dimorphism is a pervasive phenomenon among anthropoid primates. Comparative analyses over the past 30 years have greatly expanded our understanding of both variation in the expression of dimorphism among primates, and the underlying causes of sexual dimorphism. Dimorphism in body mass and canine tooth size is familiar, as is pelage and "sex skin" dimorphism. More recent analyses are documenting subtle differences in the pattern of skeletal dimorphism among primates. Comparative analyses have corroborated the sexual selection hypotheses, and have provided a more detailed understanding of the relationship between sexual selection, natural selection, and mating systems in primates. A clearer picture is emerging of the relative contribution of various selective and nonselective mechanisms in the evolution and expression of dimorphism. Most importantly, recent studies have shown that dimorphism is the product of changes in both male and female traits. Developmental studies demonstrate the variety of ontogenetic pathways that can lead to dimorphism, and provide additional insight into the selective mechanisms that influence dimorphism throughout the lifetime of an animal. Evidence from the fossil record suggests that dimorphism probably evolved in parallel twice, and the dimorphism in some extinct hominoids probably exceeded that of any living primate. Our advances in understanding the behavioral/ecological correlates of dimorphism in living primates have not improved our ability to reconstruct social systems in extinct species on the basis of dimorphism alone, beyond the inference of polygyny or intense male-male competition. However, our understanding of the behavioral/ecological correlates of growth and development, and of the expression of dimorphism as a function of separate changes in male and female traits, offers great potential for inferring evolutionary changes in behavior over time

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“…Sexual dimorphism in primate species expresses the effects of phylogeny, life history, behavior, and ontogeny. Different selective pressures presumably underlie these different patterns of dimorphism, and several theoretical models for the evolution of canine and body size dimorphism in primates have been proposed (Clutton-Brock et al, 1977;Leutenegger and Kelly, 1977;Clutton-Brock et al, 1985;Leigh, 1992;Martin et al, 1994;Oxnard, 2000). The degree of sexual dimorphism in a species may be a function of its overall body size and/or phylogenetic inertia (Leutenegger and Cheverud, 1982;.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Saimiri ustus (I. Geoffroy, 1844) (Primates, Cebidae)

et al. 2009

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Causes and implications of sexual dimorphism have been studied in several different primates using a variety of morphological characters such as body weight, canine length, coat color and ornamentation. Here we describe a peculiar coat color characteristic in the squirrel monkey that is present only in adult females over five years old and which increases with age. Neither males nor young animals manifest this phenomenon, which is characterized by a spot of black hairs located anteriorly to the external ear (pinna). This characteristic could be used to discriminate adult females of Saimiri sciureus in the wild without the need of capture techniques.Keywords: coat color, non-human primates, sexual maturity. Dimorfismo sexual em micos-de-cheiro, Saimiri sciureus (Linnaeus, 1758) eSaimiri ustus (I. Geoffroy, 1844) (Primates, Cebidae) ResumoAs causas e implicações do dimorfismo sexual têm sido estudadas em diferentes espécies de primatas utilizando uma variedade de características morfológicas tais como peso corporal, comprimento de caninos, coloração do pelo e ornamentação. Este trabalho descreve uma característica peculiar da coloração do pelo em micos-de-cheiro, que está presente somente em fêmeas adultas após cinco anos de idade e que se acentua com a idade. Nem machos nem animais jovens manifestam esse fenômeno, que se caracteriza por uma mancha de pelos pretos localizada anteriormente à orelha. Esta característica poderia ser usada para discriminar fêmeas adultas de Saimiri sciureus na natureza sem necessidade de técnicas de captura.Palavras-chave: cor de pelo, primatas não-humanos, maturidade sexual.

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Relationship of sexual dimorphism in canine size and body size to social, behavioral, and ecological correlates in anthropoid primates

Cited by 279 publications

References 30 publications

An evolutionary life-history framework for understanding sex differences in human mortality rates

An evolutionary life-history framework for understanding sex differences in human mortality rates

Sexual dimorphism in primate evolution

Sexual dimorphism in the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Saimiri ustus (I. Geoffroy, 1844) (Primates, Cebidae)

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