Relationship of suicide rates to social factors and availability of lethal methods

Schapira, Kurt; Linsley, Keith R.; Linsley, J. A.; Kelly, Thomas P.; Kay, Debra

doi:10.1192/bjp.178.5.458

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…With the exception of firearms suicides, which form a very small proportion of suicides here, hanging is the most lethal suicide method recorded and international research has suggested that males are more likely to be attracted to the more lethal and violent suicide methods than females. 2,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Echoes of this are found in the suicide trends here. The most common suicide method among females in Ireland is poisoning, generally accepted to be a less lethal approach than hanging, which is the most common method among males.…”

Section: Table 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 75%

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The socio-demographic profile of hanging suicides in Ireland from 1980 to 2005

Sarma

Kola

2010

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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Abstract.This paper provides a comparison of the socio-demographic profile of hanging suicides and suicides by other means in Ireland from January 1 st 1980 to December 31st 2005. Data on 9674 suicides occurring in that time frame was provided by the Central Statistics Office of Ireland (CSO). 4031 (42%) of these deaths involved suicide by 'hanging, suffocation or strangulation' (HSS), with the remainder being suicides by other means. Binary logistic regressions were used to examine 6 potential risk factors for suicide across the two groups: Gender, marital status, employment in the agricultural sectors, residential location (urban/rural) and age were entered in block 1 of the analysis, with year of death (pre 1994 vs post 1994) added in a second block. Results indicate that those dying through hangings were statistically more likely to be male (OR=3.1, 95% CI=2.8-3.5), single (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.2-1.4), ruraldwelling (OR=1.1, 95% CI=1.0-1.2), agri-employed (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.4) and to have died since 1994 (OR=2.3, 95% CI=2.1-2.5). The magnitude of the group effect was moderate for all but the gender and time period comparisons. Hanging suicide victims (m=37.7, sd=16.7) were also significantly younger than other suicide victims (mean=42.72, sd=16.7), although the size of the effect was small (r=.16). Overall the 6 variables explained 6 percent of the variance in the criterion variable.

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Section: Table 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 75%

“…Past research has reported that being single or divorced is a risk factor for suicide, 6,13 and that marriage is a protective factor.…”

Section: Table 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 99%

The socio-demographic profile of hanging suicides in Ireland from 1980 to 2005

Sarma

Kola

2010

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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“…Inclusion of this variable was an exploratory endeavour. Past research suggested that being single is a risk factor for suicide, 33,34 but there is contradictory findings in relation to firearms suicides. 8,10,16,19,35 In drawing this together into some form of coherent explanation of the sociodemographic differences across the FAS and n-FAS groups, it would appear that availability and socio-cultural acceptability are at the root of these findings.…”

Section: Betweenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Firearm suicide decedents in the Republic of Ireland, 1980–2005

Sarma

Kola

2010

Public Health

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CI=3.4 to 6.1) from a rural setting (X 2 (1)=153.5, p≤.0001, OR=4.4, 95%CI=3.2 to 5.6) and agri-employed (X 2 (1)=21.3, p≤.0001, OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.3 to 1.8). FAS victims were also significantly younger than n-FAS victims, although the size of this effect was small (z=-8.4, p<.0005, r=-.1). There was no difference in marital status across the two groups. Conclusions:Risk factors for firearm suicide should inform policy making in this area, with particular attention paid to protecting young males resident in rural settings.Consideration should be given to targeting agri-employed individuals as one specific at-risk group.

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“…Caraveo 5 encontró que las mujeres presentan mayor comorbilidad y depresión; Medina-Mora 3 reportó que la depresión mayor y la neurosis predominan en mujeres; Rascón 4 encontró que la depresión mayor, la depresión neurótica y el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo fueron más frecuentes en mujeres (19,5% mujeres y 14,3% hombres); un análisis regional de América reportó más psicosis afectivas en mujeres 13 ; además presentan mayor hospitalización por intento suicida 14 . Por otra parte, los trastornos más severos son más frecuentes en varones; predominando los relacionados con el alcohol 15 y drogas ilegales 13,16,17 ; en Suecia se encontraron tasas más altas en varones de esquizofrenia y abuso de sustancias, mientras que las neurosis fueron más frecuentes en mujeres 18 ; en el Reino Unido (1961-1965 y 1985-1994) se observó una disminución general de suicidio, pero el descenso fue menor en varones, esta diferencia se relacionó con el mayor uso de métodos menos violentos en mujeres 19 , hecho que hay que ponderar con la mayor frecuencia de suicidio en varones por el uso de métodos más letales 14 . Sobre la relación entre género y trabajo se ha encontrado que taquilleras de la Cd.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Job Segregation and Gender: Characterization of the Psychiatric Morbility Recorded at a Hospital in Mexico City (1993-1995)

Cosme¹,

Hernández²,

Andrade³

2004

Rev. Esp. Salud Publica

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RESUMENFundamento: Diversos estudios han documentado que la distribución diferencial del proceso salud-enfermedad depende de factores económicos, políticos y culturales. Con el objetivo de identificar y explicar la relación del género y el trabajo con la morbilidad psiquiátrica, se analiza la distribución que estos padecimientos mostraron en una población de enfermos mentales. Métodos:En el período 1993-1995 se realizó una investigación documental en la que se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes que ingresaron por primera vez en un hospital psiquiátrico de Ciudad de México en un periodo de tres años; se obtuvieron los principales datos socioeconómicos y los de su diagnóstico. Una segunda fase consistió en el análisis estadístico en el que se midió la asociación entre las variables sexo, ocupación y diagnóstico.Resultados: Se registraron 1.084 personas con algún padecimiento mental, en las que se identificaron diferencias estadística-mente significativas entre varones y mujeres en relación a su ocupación y al trastorno mental específico que presentaron; especialmente en lo que se refiere a los trastornos depresivos y los asociados al consumo de drogas.Conclusiones: El género y la segregación laboral que de éste se deriva son procesos sociales que intervienen en la distribución diferencial de los trastornos mentales, asociación que se expresa en patrones específicos de daños a la salud mental en los varones y en las mujeres que fueron atendidos en el hospital.Palabras clave: Salud laboral. Género. Salud mental, Depresión. Alcoholismo. ABSTRACT Job Segregation and Gender. Characterization of the Psychiatric Morbility Recorded at a Hospital inMexico City (1993)(1994)(1995) Background: Different studies have documented that the differential distribution of the health-illness process depends upon economic, political and cultural factors. For the purpose of identifying and explaining the relationship between gender as related to occupation and psychiatric morbility, an analysis is made of the distribution of the statistics for these disorders for one population of mental patients.

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Relationship of suicide rates to social factors and availability of lethal methods

Abstract: Reduced exposure to lethal methods was responsible for the fall in rate in both genders, while the gender difference in favour of women may be related to their preference for non-violent methods or to their being less affected by the social changes.

Cited by 45 publications

References 15 publications

The socio-demographic profile of hanging suicides in Ireland from 1980 to 2005

The socio-demographic profile of hanging suicides in Ireland from 1980 to 2005

Firearm suicide decedents in the Republic of Ireland, 1980–2005

Job Segregation and Gender: Characterization of the Psychiatric Morbility Recorded at a Hospital in Mexico City (1993-1995)

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