Relationship of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) index with antioxidant enzymes and with the oxLDL/HDL index

Abstract

Introduction:The low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) index is a predictive factor for atherosclerosis, which is associated with oxidative modifications. Objective: To assess the association of the index with oxidative stress markers. Methods: 444 subjects were included and were clinically, anthropometrically and biochemically characterized; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), magnesium and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) index (oxLDL/HDL) were quantified. Results: A decrease of 1.014 units in the LDL/HDL index was associated with a superoxide dismutase increase of 1 unit/mL (p = 0.030), while a decrease of 0.023 units was associated with a GPx3 increase of 1 nmol/min/mL (p < 0.0005). An increase of one unit in the index was associated with an increase of 0.831 in the oxLDL/HDL index (p < 0.05). After controlling for the effect of gender, age, smoking, obesity and insulin resistance, a reduction of 0.001 per index unit was associated with an increase of 1 µg/g of magnesium in the nails (p = 0.020). Conclusions: The LDL/HDL index shows an inverse relationship with the antioxidant status and a direct relationship with oxidation status, regardless of other cardiovascular and oxidative stress risk factors.

The association between lipid profile, oxidized LDL and the components of metabolic syndrome with serum mineral status and kidney function in individuals with obesity

“…The results of some studies showed that, in magnesium deficiency, serum HDL-C levels were significantly lower and TG levels were significantly higher [ 55 – 57 ]. Magnesium intake may likely contribute to increasing lipoprotein lipase activity [ 58 , 59 ].…”

The LDL/HDL ratio predicts long-term risk of coronary revascularization in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a cohort study

“…The exact mechanism between the LDL/HDL ratio and long-term coronary revascularization in STEMI patients has not been elucidated. Previous studies have confirmed that the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events, including coronary revascularization, is related to biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione peroxidase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), which can reflect the level of human oxidation reaction (13)(14)(15), and the LDL/HDL ratio can also reflect the level of oxidation reaction (6). Therefore, we speculate that the LDL/HDL ratio can reflect the level of oxidation reactions to predict the long-term risk of coronary revascularization in STEMI patients.…”

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions (O 2 -) and hydroxyl radicals (-OH), etc., are oxygen single-electron reduction products produced in enzymatic reactions catalyzed by enzymes such as cyclooxygenase and peroxidase (16). LDL generates oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) through the action of ROS, and ox-LDL can form foam cells after being engulfed by represents antioxidant levels of the human body, will increase by 1 U/mL; when the LDL/HDL ratio decreases by 0.023, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx3), which also represents antioxidant levels of the human body, will increase by 1 nmol/min/mL (6). Therefore, the LDL/HDL ratio can represent the level of human oxidation.…”

“…Many studies have shown that oxidation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease (5). Not only are LDL and HDL important biomarkers of lipid metabolism, but the LDL/ HDL ratio has also been confirmed to reflect the oxidation level (6). Therefore, the LDL/HDL ratio is expected to be a reliable indicator for predicting the long-term prognosis of STEMI patients.…”