Relationship of visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots to markers of arterial injury and inflammation among individuals with HIV

Srinivasa, Suman; Fitch, Kathleen V.; Torriani, Martin; Zanni, Markella V.; deFilippi, Christopher R.; Christenson, Robert H.; Maehler, Patrick; Looby, Sara E; Lo, Janet; Grinspoon, Steven

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002060

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[26] Visceral fat is more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat [27] and affects the development of metabolic disturbances by contributing to the pro-inflammatory milieu (“meta-inflammation” [28] ). In previous studies, [25,29] increased VAT showed a significant relationship with systemic inflammation. In line with the former study, [29] this study also assessed the association between various markers of systemic inflammation and visceral obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Relationship between inflammatory markers and visceral obesity in obese and overweight Korean adults

Choi

Lee

et al. 2019

Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In previous studies, [25,29] increased VAT showed a significant relationship with systemic inflammation. In line with the former study, [29] this study also assessed the association between various markers of systemic inflammation and visceral obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Relationship between inflammatory markers and visceral obesity in obese and overweight Korean adults

Choi

Lee

et al. 2019

Medicine

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“…Thus, investigating the impact of fat accumulation on immunomodulatory molecule is of primary importance. Adipose tissue distribution and its metabolic consequences have been widely studied in the context of HIV infection [1,6], but studies on adipose tissue-related immune functions, especially macrophage infiltration, are scarce and results contradicting [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal Adipose Tissue Is Associated With Alterations in Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolism and Markers of Systemic Inflammation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Gelpi

Ueland

Trøseid

et al. 2019

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background While both adipose tissue accumulation and tryptophan metabolism alterations are features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, their interplay is unclear. We investigated associations between abdominal adipose tissue, alterations in kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, and systemic inflammation in people with HIV (PWH). Methods Eight hundred sixty-four PWH and 75 uninfected controls were included. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed for kynurenine metabolites, neopterin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and lipids. Regression models were used to test associations in PWH. Results PWH had higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio than uninfected individuals (P < .001). In PWH, increase in waist-to-hip ratio was associated with higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (P = .009) and quinolinic-to-kynurenic acid ratio (P = .006) and lower kynurenic acid concentration (P = .019). Quinolinic-to-kynurenic acid ratio was associated with higher hs-CRP (P < .001) and neopterin concentrations (P < .001), while kynurenic acid was associated with lower hs-CRP (P = .025) and neopterin concentrations (P = .034). Conclusions In PWH, increase in abdominal adipose tissue was associated with increased quinolinic-to-kynurenic acid ratio, suggesting activation of proinflammatory pathway of kynurenine metabolism, with reduction of anti-inflammatory molecules and increase in systemic inflammation. Our results suggest dysregulation of kynurenine metabolism associated with abdominal fat accumulation to be a potential source of inflammation in HIV infection.

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“…inflammation (11)(12)(13). Relative changes in adipose depots, ranging from the loss of SAT and/or accumulation of VAT, are associated with the development of dyslipidemia (14), insulin resistance (15), and increased markers of inflammation (13), which are key contributors to CVD (11)(12)(13)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: What Does This Study Add?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composite risk for CVD in HIV may be inclusive of traditional and nontraditional risk factors , such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) use , inflammation, and immune activation . Relevant to this, PWH are predisposed to a unique fat redistribution clinically characterized by loss of subcutaneous (peripheral) adipose tissue (SAT) and/or accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which may contribute to increased inflammation . Relative changes in adipose depots, ranging from the loss of SAT and/or accumulation of VAT, are associated with the development of dyslipidemia , insulin resistance , and increased markers of inflammation , which are key contributors to CVD .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of Adipose Tissue Redistribution and Atherosclerotic Coronary Plaque in HIV

Bogorodskaya

Fitch

et al. 2020

Obesity

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Objective People with HIV (PWH) who are well treated on antiretroviral therapy remain at increased risk for body composition changes, including increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), as well as increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). The relationship between adipose compartments and coronary disease is not well understood among PWH. Methods A total of 148 PWH and 68 uninfected individuals without CVD were well phenotyped for VAT and SAT via single‐section abdominal computed tomography (CT) at L4. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score was assessed by noncontrast cardiac CT and coronary plaque composition by coronary CT angiography. Results Increased VAT was significantly related to increased presence of plaque (OR, 1.55 per 100 cm2; P = 0.008) and CAC > 0 (OR, 1.56 per 100 cm2; P = 0.006) in the HIV group. In contrast, increased SAT was related to reduced presence of plaque (OR, 0.79 per 100 cm2; P = 0.057) and reduced CAC > 0 (OR, 0.69 per 100 cm2, P = 0.007) among PWH. The VAT to SAT ratio showed a strong relationship to overall presence of calcified plaque (OR, 3.30; P = 0.03) and CAC > 0 (OR, 3.57; P < 0.001) in the HIV group. VAT and waist to hip ratio, but not SAT, were strong predictors of plaque in the uninfected group. BMI did not relate in either group. Conclusions Fat redistribution phenotyping by simultaneous quantification of VAT and SAT as independent measures could help identify those PWH at higher risk for CVD.

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Relationship of visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots to markers of arterial injury and inflammation among individuals with HIV

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Relationship between inflammatory markers and visceral obesity in obese and overweight Korean adults

Relationship between inflammatory markers and visceral obesity in obese and overweight Korean adults

Abdominal Adipose Tissue Is Associated With Alterations in Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolism and Markers of Systemic Inflammation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Measures of Adipose Tissue Redistribution and Atherosclerotic Coronary Plaque in HIV

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