Relationships among discretionary activity duration, its travel time spent and activity space indices in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Activity-Travel Behaviour, and Daily and Global Well-Being

“…Travel parameters are found to significantly influence daily subjective well-being, whereas only trip chaining variable significantly shape individuals' life satisfaction. Undertaking more trip chaining tend to be corresponded with visiting more activity locations for participating out-of-home leisure activities [10,24,25]. Therefore, undertaking more trip chaining tend to be correlated with having better daily and global subjective well-being.…”

“…In conjunction with this, household income and person's access to motorised mode are the only socio-demographic variable that shape individuals' daily subjective well-being. Better income and access to motorised mode may be correspond with having more opportunities to engage in discretionary activities [8,10].…”

“…For policy implementations, this study can say that providing more opportunities for undertaking out-of-home activities such as out-of-home leisure, sport and grocery shopping with time-use policy [10] and denser land use planning [26,28,29,30] tend to be correlated with better daily well-being. In BMA case, time-use policy may correspond with reducing travel time policy as argued in previous studies [10,27]. Moreover, living with good neighbours make people to have better life satisfaction.…”

“…Individuals may perform some activities and/or multi-tasking activities within their possible time-space constraints which may maximize their perceived well-being state [3,4,5,6]. Trade-off mechanisms in time geography research shows how workers and students reduce their time allocation for in-home maintenance activity when they spend more time on working and out-of-home leisure activities and travel for out-of-home discretionary activity purposes [8,10). For weekly time-use and activity participation, someone will perform less travels or less size of activity space on weekends when they undertake other way around on weekdays [7,9].…”

Supporting Factors and Factory Employee’s Behaviour in the Use of Public Transportation Mode in Jakarta

“…vacation). The average time contributed by Jakarta resident to the trips is approximately 82.31 minutes per day [13]. Surveys show that students and staffs in Jakarta move more frequently than other people in communities, i.e., students take as many as 2.32 trips and employees 2.28 trips per day [14].…”