Relationships among the abundances of plastic debris in different size classes on beaches in South Korea

Lee, Jong-Myoung; Hong, Sunwook; Song, Young Kyung; Hong, Sang Hee; Jang, Yong Chang; Jang, Mi; Heo, Nak Won; Han, Gi Myung; Lee, Mi‐Jeong; Kang, Daeseok; Shim, Won Joon

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.08.013

Cited by 373 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Investigations in coastal waters and beaches around the northern South China Sea in 2009 and 2010 indicated that plastics (45 %) and Styrofoam (23 %) accounted for more than 90 % of floating debris and 95 % of beached debris. The sources were primarily land-based and mostly attributed to coastal recreational activities (Lee et al 2013). In the Mediterranean, reports from Greece classify land-based (69 % of the litter) and vessel-based (26 %) waste as the two predominant sources of litter (Koutsodendris et al 2008).…”

Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter

Galgani

Hanke

Maes

2015

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

442

338

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Marine debris is commonly observed everywhere in the oceans. Litter enters the seas from both land-based sources, from ships and other installations at sea, from point and diffuse sources, and can travel long distances before being stranded. Plastics typically constitute the most important part of marine litter sometimes accounting for up to 100 % of floating litter. On beaches, most studies have demonstrated densities in the 1 item m −2 range except for very high concentrations because of local conditions, after typhoons or flooding events. Floating marine debris ranges from 0 to beyond 600 items km −2 . On the sea bed, the abundance of plastic debris is very dependent on location, with densities ranging from 0 to >7700 items km −2 , mainly in coastal areas. Recent studies have demonstrated that pollution of microplastics, particles <5 mm, has spread at the surface of oceans, in the water column and in sediments, even in the deep sea. Concentrations at the water surface ranged from thousands to hundred thousands of particles km −2 . Fluxes vary widely with factors such as proximity of urban activities, shore and coastal uses, wind and ocean currents. These enable the presence of accumulation areas in oceanic convergence zones and on the seafloor, notably in coastal canyons. Temporal trends are not clear with evidences for increases, decreases or without changes, depending on locations and environmental conditions. In terms of distribution and quantities, proper global estimations based on standardized approaches are still needed before considering efficient management and reduction measures.

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Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies range from a local (Lee et al 2013) to a regional scale (Bravo et al 2009) and cover a broad temporal range. Information on sources, composition, amounts, usages, baseline data and environmental significance are often also gathered (Cordeiro and Costa 2010;Debrot et al 2013;Rosevelt et al 2013) as such data are easier collected.…”

Section: Beachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter

Galgani

Hanke

Maes

2015

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

442

338

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“…These plastics will be introduced as secondary MNP fragments and fibres from sewage effluent or surface runoff [85]. Currently, there are no data in the literature on the relative abundances of primary to secondary MNP, and only a couple of studies have examined the relationship between fragments of different sizes [58,59]. Thus, there is a need to address these knowledge gaps for accurate quantification of MNP fractions, assessment of the relationship among abundances of different size classes, and application of precise source characterisation approaches for understanding the potential contributions of different urban and industrial sources [58].…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there are no data in the literature on the relative abundances of primary to secondary MNP, and only a couple of studies have examined the relationship between fragments of different sizes [58,59]. Thus, there is a need to address these knowledge gaps for accurate quantification of MNP fractions, assessment of the relationship among abundances of different size classes, and application of precise source characterisation approaches for understanding the potential contributions of different urban and industrial sources [58]. This information is crucial for managing this problem and informing policy, since it is predicted that even if land-based inputs are controlled, plastic debris densities in oceans will continue to increase from secondary sources [24].…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro- and Nanoplastic Pollution of Freshwater and Wastewater Treatment Systems

Blair

Waldron

Phoenix

et al. 2017

Springer Science Reviews

138

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Plastic waste is a widespread and persistent global challenge with negative impacts on the environment, economy, human health and aesthetics. Plastic pollution has been a focus of environmental research over the past few decades, particularly in relation to macroplastics that are easily visible by the naked eye. More recently, smaller plastic waste at the micro-and nanoscale has become of increasing concern, resulting in extensive investment in research to advance knowledge on the sources, distribution, fate and impact of these materials in aquatic systems. However, owing to their small sizes and a lack of unified methods, adequate quantitative and qualitative assessment has been difficult. Furthermore, most of the microplastic surveys available to date have focussed in the marine environment while scarce knowledge exists of freshwater systems. Because the majority of marine debris originates on land, the role of wastewater treatment systems and natural fluvial vectors in delivering these emerging contaminants to the environment should be explored. Considering fundamental aspects pertaining to microplastic sources, distribution, mobility and degradation in these systems is crucial for developing effective control measures and strategies to mitigate the discharge of these particles to the sea.

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“…In oceans, the high abundance of microplastics observed in the large-scale subtropical convergence zones is attributed to the circulation of ocean currents [13][14][15]. Accumulation of microplastics in shoreline sediments has also been observed worldwide [16][17][18][19]. The majority of plastic debris in oceans originates from land, although discharges from ocean vessels, military operations, and general shipping activities cannot be discounted [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic Pollution in Inland Waters Focusing on Asia

Zhang

Xiong

2017

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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The presence of microplastics in marine environment is increasingly reported and has been recognized as an issue of emerging concern that might adversely affect wildlife and cause potential risk to the health of marine ecosystems. In addition, preliminary works demonstrated that microplastics are ubiquitously present in many inland waters with concentrations comparable or higher than those observed in marine environments. Asia is the most populous continent in the world, and most Asian countries are under rapid development while facing serious environmental problems. In this chapter, we review the available literature reporting on the occurrence of microplastics in inland waters in Asia. Limited works have provided basic information on the occurrence, distribution, and properties of microplastics in lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries in Asia. Comparison with data from other regions worldwide suggests that microplastic pollution in inland waters in Asia can be more serious. These preliminary results call for more research efforts to better characterize the sources, fate, effects, and risks of microplastics in inland waters. Extensive and in-depth studies are urgently needed to bridge the knowledge gaps to enable a more comprehensive risk assessment of microplastics in inland waters and to support the development of policy addressing this issue.

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Relationships among the abundances of plastic debris in different size classes on beaches in South Korea

Cited by 373 publications

References 37 publications

Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter

Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter

Micro- and Nanoplastic Pollution of Freshwater and Wastewater Treatment Systems

Microplastic Pollution in Inland Waters Focusing on Asia

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