Relationships between adult asthma and oxidative stress markers and pH in exhaled breath condensate: a systematic review

Abstract

Oxidative stress has a recognized role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Recently, interest has increased in the assessment of pH and airway oxidative stress markers. Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and quantification of biomarkers in breath samples can potentially indicate lung disease activity and help in the study of airway inflammation, and asthma severity. Levels of oxidative stress markers in the EBC have been systematically evaluated in children with asthma; however, there is no such systematic review conducted for adult asthma. A systematic review of oxidative stress markers measured in EBC of adult asthma was conducted, and studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and SCO-PUS databases. Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Concentrations of exhaled hydrogen ions, nitric oxide products, hydrogen peroxide and 8-isoprostanes were generally elevated and related to lower lung function tests in adults with asthma compared to healthy subjects. Assessment of EBC markers may be a noninvasive approach to evaluate airway inflammation, exacerbations, and disease severity of asthma, and to monitor the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatment regimens. Longitudinal studies, using standardized analytical techniques for EBC collection, are required to establish reference values for the interpretation of EBC markers in the context of asthma.

NOx in exhaled breath condensate is related to allergic sensitization in young and middle‐aged adults

“…11 Although many of the inflammatory markers are likely to come from the lower airways, some will also be generated from the larger and upper airways. 12 Several studies have examined the associations between oxidative stress biomarkers in EBC and asthma, 13,14 but less is known about the associations between the levels of EBC biomarkers and rhinitis. 15 Moreover, atopic sensitization is strongly associated as a prelude to the development of allergic diseases, including asthma and rhinitis, which has given rise to the concept of the "unified airway."…”

Oxidative stress in asthma: Part of the puzzle

“…The results were more often detected in patients with severe and uncontrolled asthma. 82 In another systematic review by Thomas et al, 46 studies were evaluated to show the relation between EBC markers and asthmatic inflammation and oxidative stress in children. The results suggested that hydrogen ions (as pH), hydrogen peroxide, and oxides of nitrogen are associated with pediatric allergic asthma and exacerbations.…”

“…[68][69][70] A noninvasive way of analysis, exhaled breath condensate collection, has allowed direct measurements of pH changes, H 2 O 2 , and the measurement of several indirect by-products of oxidation like 8-isoprostane and ethane. 82,83 Currently, the presence of high levels of urine bromotyrosine is a promising noninvasive biomarker of oxidative stress for clinical use in asthma patients.…”

Mikroalbüminürisi Olan ve Olmayan Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitus Hastalarında Ekshale Soluk Havası İnflamatuvar Belirteç Düzeyleri ve Solunumsal Parametreler

“…Astım, kronik obstruktif akciğer hastalığı ve hatta akciğer neoplazilerinde EBC yöntemi ile gösterilen oksidatif stresin erken tanıda fayda sağlayabildiği belirtilmektedir (7,9,15,16). Diyabetik olgularda ise özellikle soluk havasında C-peptidin saptanması kronik inflamasyonun bir yansıması olarak yorumlanmaktadır (9,17,18).…”