Relationships between adverse childhood experiences and protective factors among parents at-risk for child maltreatment

Panisch, Lisa S.; LaBrenz, Catherine A.; Lawson, Jennifer; Gerlach, Beth; Tennant, Patrick S.; Nulu, Swetha; Faulkner, Monica

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104816

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This study examined how parents were experiencing parental resilience and protective factors during COVID-19, and the relationship between one's own childhood exposure to adversity and resilience. The average score on protective factors subscales ranged from 2.26 to 2.49 on a four-point Likert scale, consistent with a moderate-to-high range reported in prior literature (Panisch et al, 2020). Findings from this study suggest that a higher proportion of respondents had a traditional ACE score of 5+ (see Felitti et al, 1998) and an expanded ACE score of 5+ (Cronholm et al, 2015) than in prior studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Speci c items are coded so that higher scores re ect more parenting protective factors. The PAPF has been found to have strong psychometric properties (Panisch et al, 2020). In the present study, Cronbach's alpha was calculated for each subscale and the overall scale; this ranged from α = .86 (parental resilience subscale), α = .92 (social connections subscale), α = .86 (concrete support subscale), α = .89 (social and emotional competence subscale), and α = .93 (overall PAPF measure).…”

Section: Parenting Resiliencementioning

confidence: 87%

“…In addition to the role of parental reactions and well-being in shaping their children's response and resilience in the face of disasters or crises, prior literature has found a parent's own experiences with adversity and trauma to in uence their parenting skills and resilience. For example, prior research has found a link between an individual's exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their own parenting stress (Steele et al, 2016), skills and resilience (Panisch et al, 2020). ACEs can include adversity within the family context, such as exposure to child maltreatment or living with a caregiver who has substance use issues (Anda et al, 1999;Felitti et al, 1998), or community-level ACEs such as neighborhood violence (Cronholm et al, 2015;Wade et al, 2016).…”

Section: Parenting and Intergenerational Transmission Of Parenting Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental History of Trauma and Resilience during COVID-19

LaBrenz

Baiden

Findley

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Since March 2020, families across the U.S. have faced challenges due to the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and its subsequent restrictions. Prior literature has linked family stress to negative outcomes, such as parent and child mental health, increased risk of child maltreatment, and overall well-being, as well as protective factors that may help families navigate and respond to stressors. Furthermore, parental history of trauma, such as exposure to adversity in one’s own childhood, has been linked to stress and resilience. Although some experts have voiced concern over the impact of COVID-19 on family well-being, few studies have been conducted thus far. This study utilized N = 523 responses from an online survey that was administered between May and June 2020 to gauge family stress and resilience among parents of children ages zero-to-five during the pandemic. There was a negative relationship between ACE score and parental resilience among this sample. Furthermore, frequency of childcare was positively linked to protective factors and resilience, while childcare barriers were negatively linked to resilience. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed, with a particular focus on the role of childcare and school openings during the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Parenting Resiliencementioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Parenting and Intergenerational Transmission Of Parenting Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental History of Trauma and Resilience during COVID-19

LaBrenz

Baiden

Findley

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Intergenerational continuity and transmission of negative parenting behaviours can have a devastating impact on the ability of a pregnant woman to effectively parent her baby (Schofield et al, 2017). However, some pregnant women who had negative childhood experiences were determined not to repeat those with their own baby, and made positive changes supported by professionals in charge of their care (Panisch et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Worker and Midwife Decision Making Regarding Child Protection Risk and the Unborn Baby: A Qualitative Study

2021

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A newborn baby is vulnerable to abuse and neglect, and the professional role may involve assessment before the baby is born. The aim of this paper is to explore the perspectives and experiences of midwives and child protection social workers regarding the protection of unborn babies within Northern Ireland. Data were gathered using four focus groups (14 midwives and 16 child protection social workers) within one Health and Social Care Trust. The data were analysed in terms of understanding risk factors and forming a professional judgement. The mental wellbeing of the pregnant woman, drug use, alcohol use, domestic violence, the pregnant woman's childhood experiences, gestation period and antenatal care attendance were the main risks identified. Observations, engaging with the pregnant woman and using ‘soft intelligence’ were key aspects in forming a professional judgement. The appraisal of the ability of the pregnant woman to recognise danger was an important moderating factor, and perhaps formed part of a professional judgement heuristic to assist in making sense of wide‐ranging information about diverse risks. Key Practitioner Messages Identified risk factors included mental wellbeing, age, feelings about the pregnancy, drug and alcohol use, domestic violence, the pregnant woman's childhood experiences, gestation period and antenatal care attendance. Pregnant women were unable to recognise the dangers in misusing illegal or prescription drugs, excessive alcohol consumption and initiating/maintaining relationships with sex offenders. Key skills in forming a professional judgement involved engagement with the pregnant woman, professionals' experience and observations, and the use of ‘soft intelligence’.

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“…In their study of 10 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, Metzler and colleagues [ 13 ] revealed that those adults experiencing four or more ACEs were more likely to have not completed a high school education, had an income below the poverty level and had experienced extended periods of unemployment. A recent study also found that those adults who had experienced four or more ACEs was correlated with being a single parent and either having Medicare/Medicaid/Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) for insurance coverage or no health insurance [ 16 ]. Each of these life circumstances can significantly impact life opportunities for both adult parents and their children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences among Adults in North Carolina, USA: Influences on Risk Factors for Poor Health across the Lifespan and Intergenerational Implications

Hege

Bouldin

Roy

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a critical determinant and predictor of health across the lifespan. The Appalachian region of the United States, particularly the central and southern portions, experiences worse health outcomes when compared to the rest of the nation. The current research sought to understand the cross-sectional relationships between ACEs, social determinants of health and other health risk factors in one southcentral Appalachian state. Researchers used the 2012 and 2014 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for analyses. An indicator variable of Appalachian county (n = 29) was used to make comparisons against non-Appalachian counties (n = 71). Analyses further examined the prevalence of ACEs in households with and without children across Appalachian and non-Appalachian regions, and the effects of experiencing four or more ACEs on health risk factors. There were no statistically significant differences between Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties in the prevalence of ACEs. However, compared with adults in households without children, those with children reported a higher percentage of ACEs. Reporting four or more ACEs was associated with higher prevalence of smoking (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.56), heavy alcohol consumption (PR = 1.69), overweight/obesity (PR = 1.07), frequent mental distress (PR = 2.45), and food insecurity (PR = 1.58) in adjusted models and with fair or poor health only outside Appalachia (PR = 1.65). Residence in an Appalachian county was independently associated with higher prevalence of food insecurity (PR = 1.13). Developing programs and implementing policies aimed at reducing the impact of ACEs could improve social determinants of health, thereby helping to reduce health disparities.

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Relationships between adverse childhood experiences and protective factors among parents at-risk for child maltreatment

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Parental History of Trauma and Resilience during COVID-19

Parental History of Trauma and Resilience during COVID-19

Social Worker and Midwife Decision Making Regarding Child Protection Risk and the Unborn Baby: A Qualitative Study

Adverse Childhood Experiences among Adults in North Carolina, USA: Influences on Risk Factors for Poor Health across the Lifespan and Intergenerational Implications

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