Relationships between Composition of Major Fatty Acids and Fat Distribution and Insulin Resistance in Japanese

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the composition of free fatty acids (FFAs) and metabolic parameters, including body fat distribution, in Japanese. Methods. The study subjects were 111 Japanese patients (54 males, 57 females). Metabolic parameters and visceral and subcutaneous fat areas as determined by CT scanning at the umbilical level were measured. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed by administering 75 g glucose orally. Results. The percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2), the greatest constituent among FFAs, was negatively correlated with visceral fat area (r = −0.411, p < 0.0001), fasting glucose (r = −0.330, p < 0.0001), HbA1c (r = −0.231, p = 0.0146), and systolic blood pressure (r = −0.224, p = 0.0184). Linoleic acid percentage was also significantly negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = −0.416, p < 0.0001) by simple correlation. Based on the findings of OGTT, the 111 subjects were classified into three groups: 33 with normal glucose tolerance, 71 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 7 diabetic subjects. The percentage of serum linoleic acid in diabetic subjects was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. Conclusion. We conclude that serum linoleic acid level is negatively correlated with the accumulation of visceral fat in relation to a reduction of insulin resistance in Japanese subjects.

Higher Triglyceride and Normal HDL-C Concentrations, the Triglyceride/HDL-C Concentration Ratios ≥ 3.5, and Insulin Resistance as Potential Predictors of Developing Higher Paroxetine Concentrations and Suicide in the Early Months of Medication

“…Insulin resistance does not always involve the high concentration of blood glucose according to the results by Fujii et al [18], Samant et al [26], and Yin et al [42]. The results reported by Fujii et al [18] and Samant et al [26] suggested that patients with possible insulin resistance defined by HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 [19] were not in the condition of high blood glucose, but the patients with diabetes were in the condition of high blood glucose [18].…”

“…Tabák et al showed the changes in glucose concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion as much as 3 -6 years before diagnosis of diabetes [20]. The IGT subjects with mean FG 109.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL reported by Fujii et al [18] seem to be destined to diabetes in a few years based on the graph for FG trajectory before diagnosis of diabetes by Tabák et al [20]. These results suggest that it generally takes several years to migrate from NGT to IGT, and IGT to diabetes.…”

“…Fujii et al reported the parameters of fasting glucose and HOMA-IR etc. for the subjects classified as normal glucose tolerant (NGT) (N = 33), impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) (N = 71), and diabetes (N = 7) [18]. The parameters of fasting glucose (FG) were 93.8 ± 1.6 mg/dL for NGT, 109.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL for IGT, and 141.6 ± 4.8 mg/dL for diabetes subjects [18].…”

“…for the subjects classified as normal glucose tolerant (NGT) (N = 33), impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) (N = 71), and diabetes (N = 7) [18]. The parameters of fasting glucose (FG) were 93.8 ± 1.6 mg/dL for NGT, 109.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL for IGT, and 141.6 ± 4.8 mg/dL for diabetes subjects [18]. The parameters of HOMA-IR were 1.5 ± 0.2 for NGT, 2.7 ± 0.3 for IGT, and 4.1 ± 1.5 for diabetes subjects [18].…”

“…The parameters of fasting glucose (FG) were 93.8 ± 1.6 mg/dL for NGT, 109.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL for IGT, and 141.6 ± 4.8 mg/dL for diabetes subjects [18]. The parameters of HOMA-IR were 1.5 ± 0.2 for NGT, 2.7 ± 0.3 for IGT, and 4.1 ± 1.5 for diabetes subjects [18]. Because HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 is a considerable indicator of insulin resistance for Japanese subjects as reported by Yamada et al [19], it is suggested that the majority of the IGT subjects had insulin resistance and moderately high level of FG 109.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL.…”