Relationships between constitutional types of traditional Chinese

Zhu, Yanbo; Wang, Qi; Deng, Qiwei; Cai, Jing; Song, Xiaohong; Yan, Xue

doi:10.3736/jcim20100108

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…People of balanced constitution have better quality of life than those of imbalanced constitution [9]. Moreover, imbalanced constitution seemed to have strong correlation with chronic diseases such as obesity [10] and hypertension [11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Yang-Deficient Constitution and Clinical Outcome of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on People Living with HIV

Cen

Leung

Zhang

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. To determine the association between Yang-Deficient Constitution and the clinical outcomes of HIV/AIDS patients who have initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Method. A total of 197 antiretroviral-naive adults who initiated HAART between 2009 and 2011 were recruited. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire twice to assess their Yang-Deficient Constitution status before HAART. During the study, signs and symptoms and CD4 or CD8 T cell counts were recorded. Routine blood and biochemical tests were conducted. For the patients who were found to have infections, pathologic examination was performed. Statistical test of association of clinical attributes and demographic factors with Yang-Deficient Constitution was conducted. Result. Good test-retest reliability was observed for Yang-Deficient Constitution scoring. The median Yang-Deficient Constitution score of 142 eligible participants was 25. Female (score = 32.14, P < 0.05), hepatotoxicity (32.14, P < 0.1), nephrotoxicity (37.50, P < 0.1), total number of adverse events (P < 0.1), and mortality (39.29, P < 0.05) were associated with Yang-Deficient Consitution, while annual changes or nadir values of CD4 or CD8 T lymphocytes, and newly acquired infections after starting HAART were not. Mortality was also associated with total number of adverse events (P < 0.05), hepatotoxicity (P < 0.05), and nephrotoxicity (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Yang-Deficient Constitution score has a potential to be developed as a predictor for early HIV-related mortality and side effects. The interrelation and underlying mechanisms should be further investigated for evidence-based design of a more appropriate treatment strategy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Yang-Deficient Constitution and Clinical Outcome of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on People Living with HIV

Cen

Leung

Zhang

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Prior studies have identified that different TCM constitution is predisposed to certain diseases. For instance, individuals with yin-deficiency and phlegmdampness constitutions tend to suffer from hypertension [24,25], while those with yang-deficiency constitution are more easily attacked by osteoporosis [26,27]. erefore, it makes contributions to alleviate disease burdens through identifying influential factors of biased constitutions and adjusting human body towards balanced constitution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation between Demographical and Lifestyle Factors and Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution among Macau Elderly Individuals

Bai

Chuang

Zhao

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objectives. To measure the distributed characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitutions, as well as related factors with biased TCM constitutions among the elderly individuals in Macau. Methods. The elderly individuals from elderly healthcare centers located in Macao Peninsula, Taipa, and Coloane were selected as research samples. The basic information questionnaire and the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) for elderly were employed. Descriptive analysis was applied to illustrate demographical characteristics and TCM constitution distribution. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to explore potential factors influencing biased constitutions, and weight of each variable for constitution was further calculated. Results. A total of 313 participants were recruited. Eighty-six (27.48%) elderly were identified as balanced constitution; others were biased constitutions accounting for 72.52%. Distribution differences related to gender and age were identified among participants with unbalanced constitutions. Four biased constitutions were further analyzed with EFA. For qi-stagnation and yang-deficiency constitutions, three similar factors were determined in the domains of education, sleeping habits, and lifestyle behaviors, successively. Although four factors were identified in phlegm-dampness constitution, the latter two belonged to lifestyle behaviors and the former two were education and sleeping habits. For yin-deficiency constitution, education, tobacco-alcohol consumption, sleeping habits, and exercise were four dimensions of potential influential factors. Tobacco consumption, sleep, and exercise duration weighted the most for qi-stagnation constitution; sleep duration, education level, and sugar-containing beverage intake for phlegm-dampness; length of education, alcohol consumption, and education level for yang-deficiency constitution; and weekly exercise hours, sleep duration, and education level for yin-deficiency constitution. Conclusion. The prevalence rate of biased constitutions was relatively high among elderly residents in Macau. Relations between demographical and lifestyle behavioral factors and biased constitutions were identified in this study. Controlling these influential factors might be beneficial for health management of Macau elderly individuals.

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“…TCMCs are relatively stable and adjustable, and acquired factors greatly in uence the development of individual TCMC over time [5][6][7]. According to the TCM theory, individual unbalanced constitutions have a higher susceptibility to certain diseases than balanced constitutions that have been con rmed by several investigators [8][9][10]. Understanding TCMC and its in uencing factors are necessary for generating guidance for an individual's health protection and preventing diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal studies on the characteristics of TCM constitutions and related factors of adult Chinese women in Hong Kong

Sun

Chan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution (TCMC, Named Tizhi in Chinese) is essential to reflect an individual’s body-mind and health. Understanding TCMCs and their influencing factors would be beneficial for improving the individual’s health and disease prevention. Earlier our studies have found the characteristics of TCMCs and related influencing factors at a single time point, however, longitudinal data on the development of characteristics of TCMC constitutions over time is limited. Hence, this follow-up study was attempted to investigate the changes in characteristics of TCMCs and explore the factors influencing the development of individual TCMC types at baseline and follow-up. Materials and methods We conducted a follow-up cross-sectional survey of Chinese women in Hong Kong to compare with the characteristics of TCMCs as well as influencing factors related to each TCMC type at baseline with a 4-year interval by using the questionnaires with slight modifications. Statistical methods were employed as similar to that of the initial study including students’ T-test, Chi-square test one way ANOVA, multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis, and association rules mining method. Results A response rate of 59.0% was achieved in the follow-up study. Of 81.5% among 249 participants were diagnosed with unbalanced TCMCs. Qi-deficiency constitution (QDF, 51.8%), Yang-deficiency (PD, 45.4%), and Phlegm-wetness (PW, 38.6%) were still the top three unbalanced TCMCs types and the Yin-deficiency (ND), Blood stasis (BS) and Qi-depressed (QDP) constitutions were significantly increasing. The percentage of owning 1 to 2 unbalanced TCMC types by individual decreased from 30.9% at baseline to 26.9% at follow-up, whereas having 3–6 unbalanced TCMC types had increased from 47.4% at baseline to 58.2% at follow-up. Results of the association mining rules showed the top three paired-unbalanced TCMC types were in QDP paired with QDF (93.75%), PW paired with QDF (85.42%), and PD paired with QDF (81.65%) respectively. Stepwise logistic analysis indicated that poorer health condition (OR, 1.37–2.56), suffering negative effect on body-mind health (OR, 2.70–4.06), negative emotion (OR = 2.57) was significantly positively correlated with certain unbalanced TCMCs. Aging (OR, 0.91–0.93), regular exercise (OR = 0.71) usage of TCM habit (OR = 0.12), and women who experienced menopause (OR, 0.37–0.39) showed inverse correlations with certain unbalanced constitutions. Conclusion Owned unbalanced and more complex TCMC types were the main characteristics of TCMCs in most adult Chinese women in Hong Kong with a 4 -year interval during follow-up. QDF, PD, and PW constitutions were still the top three frequent unbalanced TCMC types at baseline and follow-up, but ND, BS, and QDP constitutions significantly increased during the menopausal stage. Poor health status, unhappy emotions, and/or suffering negative effects on body-mind health and suffering in the menopause stage may be the diverse factors for the development of unbalanced TCMC types, however, regular exercise and habit of regular usage of TCM might be potential protectors for maintaining in the normal constitution.

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Relationships between constitutional types of traditional Chinese

Abstract: Phlegm-dampness, yin deficiency, and qi deficiency constitutions are the main influential factors of hypertension. Hypertensive patients with different gender have different constitutional influential factors.

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

The Association between Yang-Deficient Constitution and Clinical Outcome of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on People Living with HIV

The Association between Yang-Deficient Constitution and Clinical Outcome of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on People Living with HIV

The Correlation between Demographical and Lifestyle Factors and Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution among Macau Elderly Individuals

Longitudinal studies on the characteristics of TCM constitutions and related factors of adult Chinese women in Hong Kong

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