Relationships between prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume in black and white men with benign prostate biopsies

Fowler, Jackson E.; Bigler, Steven A.; Kilambi, Nirmal K.; Land, Spencer

doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00006-0

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Black men without PC show higher levels compared with white men, probably reflecting a higher expression by benign prostate tissue (11). Lower levels of PSA in obese men, which may be related to the influence of estrogen, can mask the presence of significant cancer (12).…”

Section: Psa Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostatic specific antigen for prostate cancer detection

Nogueira¹,

Corradi²,

Eastham³

2009

Int. braz j urol.

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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been used for prostate cancer detection since 1994. PSA testing has revolutionized our ability to diagnose, treat, and follow-up patients. In the last two decades, PSA screening has led to a substantial increase in the incidence of prostate cancer (PC). This increased detection caused the incidence of advanced-stage disease to decrease at a dramatic rate, and most newly diagnosed PC today are localized tumors with a high probability of cure. PSA screening is associated with a 75% reduction in the proportion of men who now present with metastatic disease and a 32.5% reduction in the age-adjusted prostate cancer mortality rate through 2003. Although PSA is not a perfect marker, PSA testing has limited specificity for prostate cancer detection, and its appropriate clinical application remains a topic of debate. Due to its widespread use and increased over-detection, the result has been the occurrence of over-treatment of indolent cancers. Accordingly, several variations as regards PSA measurement have emerged as useful adjuncts for prostate cancer screening. These procedures take into consideration additional factors, such as the proportion of different PSA isoforms (free PSA, complexed PSA, pro-PSA and B PSA), the prostate volume (PSA density), and the rate of change in PSA levels over time (PSA velocity or PSA doubling time). The history and evidence underlying each of these parameters are reviewed in the following article.

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Section: Psa Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostatic specific antigen for prostate cancer detection

Nogueira¹,

Corradi²,

Eastham³

2009

Int. braz j urol.

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“…PSA is influenced by the prostate size or androgens (8,9). Age, ethnicity, and obesity also influence PSA levels (10)(11)(12). None of the currently used PSA cut-offs consistently identify PCa and exclude non-PCa (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the biggest drawbacks of the PSA test is that various factors can influence the PSA level (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Therefore, the authors examined the effects of various factors on PSA levels in a screening population, and finally devised the PSA-MR. PSA-MR is simply defined as the (i) PSA-D multiplied by the plasma volume or (ii) total PSA amount in circulation per prostate volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical utility of prostate-specific antigen mass ratio for prediction of prostate cancer detection on a repeated prostate biopsy

Lee

Hong

et al. 2014

Int. braz j urol.

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ARTICLE INFO ______________________________________________________________ ______________________Purpose: To assess the clinical utility of the prostate-specific antigen mass ratio (PSA--MR), a newly developed PSA derivative, simply defined as the (i) PSA density (PSA-D) multiplied by the plasma volume or (ii) total PSA amount in circulation per prostate volume, for predicting prostate cancer (PCa) among men undergoing repeated prostate biopsy (PBx). Materials and Methods:Patients (n = 286), who underwent a repeated PBx, were analyzed. The various parameters associated with PCa detection were noted in each patient. PSA-MR was also calculated.Results: PCa was detected in 63 (22.0%) of 286 patients. PSA-MR was the independent predictor in the univariate-and multivariate logistic regression analyses (OR = 3.448, p = 0.001 and OR = 13.430, p = 0.033, respectively). A nomogram that incorporated PSA--MR was considered a useful tool (predictive accuracy: 79.2%, 95% CI: 0.726-0.858, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a nomogram that incorporated PSA-MR would have avoided 59.6% of unnecessary repeated PBx. The predictive accuracy of PSA-MR was also superior to that of PSA or PSA-D (p = 0.013 and 0.009, respectively). Conclusions: PSA-MR was an independent predictor, and its consideration would have avoided 59.6% of unnecessary repeated PBx for PCa detection. PSA-MR was also superior than PSA or PSA-D. Our results support the use of PSA-MR to facilitate counseling with patients after a negative initial PBx, and use of PSA-MR might reduce further unnecessary biopsies.

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“…Significantly higher PSA levels are found in African-Americans than in whites, even after adjustment for age and prostate volume (in men without PC) and for PC grade and stage (in men with PC) (Abdalla et al, 1998a-b; Vijayakumar et al, 1998), due evidently to greater PSA secretion per unit prostate volume by African-American men (Fowler et al, 1999). Although a substantial fraction of "slightly" elevated PSA levels (between 4 and 10 ng/mL) is attributable to BPH or infection, "highly elevated" PSA levels (≥20 ng/mL) typically indicate a strong likelihood of localized or metastatic PC, with 80 to 90% positive predictivity and >99% specificity Gerstenbluth et al, 2002;Smith et al, 2004).…”

Section: Pc Screening and Pcmentioning

confidence: 99%

PSA-Based Screening Outcomes, Dietary Heterocyclic Amine Exposure, and Prostate Cancer Risk in African Americans: Annual Report (Year 1 of 3)

Bogen¹

2006

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information , 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 25-01-2006 REPORT TYPEAnnual report (Year 1 of 3) DATES COVERED (From -To PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERRegents of the University of California Cynthia Gardener Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore, CA 94550UCRL-TR-tba SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTProstate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of male U.S. cancer deaths, with African-Americans having the highest rate of PC mortality worldwide, as well as more abnormal results from screening tests that correlate with current or eventual PC. A 3-year prospective clinic-based study is studying the performance of current (PSA and DRE) vs. (% free PSA) clinical biomarkers of PC risk in 400 African-American men 50 to 70 years of age who undergo PC screening in Oakland, CA (East Bay San Francisco area), as well as possible association of PC screening results for these men with their dietary exposures to the cancer-causing heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) that forms when meat is cooked. This study expands an ongoing NIH-funded study (by the same research team) to add a new %-free-PSA test, results of which will be compared with PSA/ DRE results and PhIP exposures estimated by dietary interviews. For 392 men studied under the NIH protocol, an odds ratio (95% CL) of 32 (3.2, 720) for highly elevated PSA (≥20 ng/mL) was observed in the highest 15% vs. the lower 50% of estimated daily PhIP intakes. Approximately 100 additional men have completed participation in the expanded NIH/DOD-supported study. This study will help define the potential value of improved screening and dietary/behavioral intervention to reduce PC risk, namely, prevention of PhIP intake by avoiding overcooked meats. SUBJECT TERMSAfrican-American men, cooked-meat carcinogens, epidemiology, PhIP, prostate cancer, screening IntroductionPhIP is a Dietary Carcinogen...

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Relationships between prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume in black and white men with benign prostate biopsies

Cited by 51 publications

References 16 publications

Prostatic specific antigen for prostate cancer detection

Prostatic specific antigen for prostate cancer detection

Clinical utility of prostate-specific antigen mass ratio for prediction of prostate cancer detection on a repeated prostate biopsy

PSA-Based Screening Outcomes, Dietary Heterocyclic Amine Exposure, and Prostate Cancer Risk in African Americans: Annual Report (Year 1 of 3)

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