Relationships between shared sanitation facilities and diarrhoeal and soil-transmitted helminth infections: an analytical review

Ramlal, Preshod Sewnand; Stenström, Thor Axel; Munien, Suveshnee; Amoah, Isaac Dennis; Buckley, Chris; Sershen,

doi:10.2166/washdev.2019.180

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These challenges are similar to those identified by other studies, which emphasised issues such as water unavailability, poor maintenance, toilet misuse or abuse due to poor behaviour, lack of cleaning materials, as well as conflicts or quarrels-physical fights, and exchange of insults, especially among women when users soiled facilities and/or children dirtied toilets [6,49].…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

Understanding the Barriers and Opportunities for Effective Management of Shared Sanitation in Low-Income Settlements—The Case of Kumasi, Ghana

Antwi-Agyei

Dwumfour-Asare

Adjei

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Improved sanitation for all is a daunting task for low-income countries, and shared toilets often provide an alternative to private household sanitation for most urban residents. This study sought to provide better understanding of the existing barriers and opportunities for improved management of shared sanitation. The study used focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 70 users (landlords and tenants) of shared sanitation in Kumasi, Ghana to assess barriers and opportunities of “high-quality” shared sanitation. The commonly used toilet facilities were dry toilets—Kumasi Ventilated Improved Pit latrine and Ventilated Improved Pit latrines; and flush systems—water closet and pour flush connected to septic tanks. Between 2 and 21 households, or 4 and 84 people, shared one facility. Participants’ description of “high-quality” (Ideal) shared sanitation was centred on cleanliness, user behaviour, smell, and user crowding. They also identified challenges of shared sanitation as overcrowded users, poor user behaviours, conflicts among users, and high cost associated with frequent desludging. However, opportunities for improvement included users’ preference for shared toilets due to enjoyed benefits, existing facility management practices, and mutual understanding among users (tenants and landlords). Interventions and policy guidelines to influence behaviour change of shared sanitation users are proposed and are intended to be delivered by local government and users.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 79%

Understanding the Barriers and Opportunities for Effective Management of Shared Sanitation in Low-Income Settlements—The Case of Kumasi, Ghana

Antwi-Agyei

Dwumfour-Asare

Adjei

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A similar study conducted using data from 51 countries' demographic and health surveys found that shared sanitation appears to be a risk factor for diarrhoea although differences in socioeconomic status are important [27]. An analytical review study conducted by Ramlal et al in 2019 also found that the use of shared sanitation showed a significant increase in diarrhoeal disease, with an overall OR of 2.39 (85% CI 1.15-8.31) [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Ferede

2020

BMC Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Diarrhoea is one of the major contributors to death among under-five children in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in different countries showed that rural children are more severely affected by diarrhoea than urban children. Thus, this study was aimed to identify the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural associated risk factors of the occurrence of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. Methods: Data for the study was drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8041 under-five children were included in the study. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of occurrence of diarrhoea with socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural factors among under-five children. Results: Children aged 6-11 months (AOR:3.5; 95% CI: 2.58-4.87), 12-23 months (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.33-4.04) and 24-35 months (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.26-2.34) as compared to > 35 months were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of diarrhoea. Children in Afar region (AOR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.01-3.64) and Gambela region (AOR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.81) were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of diarrhoea, but a decreasing prevalence in Somali region (AOR: .42; 95% CI: (.217-.80) as compared to Tigray region. Increasing prevalence of diarrhoea was also significantly associated with male children (AOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.05-1.58); households who shared toilet facilities with other households (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.09-1.77); fourth birth order (AOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.17-2.79), and fifth and above birth order (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.81) as compared to first order; and mother's current age 35-49 years in a household with ≥3 under-five children (AOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.64-13.45) as compared to those maternal ages of 15-24 years in a household with ≤2 under-five children. Conclusion: The age of a child, sex of a child, region, birth order, toilet facilities shared with other households and the interaction effect of the number of under-five children with mother's current age are identified as associated risk factors for diarrhoea occurrence among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. The findings show the need for planning and implementing appropriate prevention strategies considering these risk factors for rural under-five children.

show abstract

“…Shared sanitation facilities are associated with an increase in diarrheal diseases, but this association was not statistically significant [ 19 ]. Approximately, 70% of households had a shared facility in Sierra Leone [ 20 ]. Our findings are greater than what was found in a study conducted in India where 25% of the study respondents shared toilets [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of diarrheal diseases in Sierra Leone, 2019: a cross-sectional study

Bah¹,

Gebru²,

Hakizimana³

et al. 2022

Pan Afr Med J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: many studies have shown that unimproved water sources, inadequate sanitation facilities and poor hygiene are the main causes of diarrheal diseases, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with diarrheal diseases in Sierra Leone. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2019. We used a questionnaire to collect data from study participants. Descriptive statistical analysis was followed to determine frequencies and percentages. Univariate analysis was used to find any association between dependent variable and independent variables. Independent variables that had an association in univariate were included in the multivariate model. Results: we surveyed 1,002 households (516 in rural and 486 in urban), and 2,311 respondents in four districts. The main source of income was farming 437 (43.6%). A total of 49 (54.2%) households earned below the national minimum wage per month. Females represented 61.9% of respondents. A total of 242 (32.2%) households had one to five household members and 229 (30.5%) households had more than ten members. Around 88.9% of households in urban, and 42.2% rural areas use improved water sources. The prevalence of diarrheal diseases was 12.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that using of unimproved water sources (aOR=1.9; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.63, p=0.045), and large family size (aOR= 2.5; 95% CI, 1.18 to 5.35, p=0.017) were associated with diarrheal disease. Conclusion: we concluded that the risk factors associated with diarrheal diseases included unimproved water sources and large family size. More efforts required to improve water resources, adequate sanitation, and hygiene, particularly in rural areas.

show abstract

Relationships between shared sanitation facilities and diarrhoeal and soil-transmitted helminth infections: an analytical review

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Understanding the Barriers and Opportunities for Effective Management of Shared Sanitation in Low-Income Settlements—The Case of Kumasi, Ghana

Understanding the Barriers and Opportunities for Effective Management of Shared Sanitation in Low-Income Settlements—The Case of Kumasi, Ghana

Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Prevalence and risk factors of diarrheal diseases in Sierra Leone, 2019: a cross-sectional study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About