Relationships of Gut Microbiota Composition, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Polyamines with the Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Sánchez-Alcoholado, Lidia; Laborda-Illanes, Aurora; Otero, A.; Ordóñez, Rafael; González-González, Alicia; Plaza-Andrades, Isaac; Ramos‐Molina, Bruno; Gómez-Millán, Jaime; Queipo-Ortuño, María Isabel

doi:10.3390/ijms22179549

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Sánchez-Alcoholado and colleagues showed that, in patients with colorectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, the gut microbiota of responders was enriched with butyrate-producing bacteria, compared to treatment non-responders. These patients also had significantly higher fecal levels of SCFAs (acetate, butyrate, and hexanoic and isobutyric acids) compared to non-responders [ 63 ]. Further, Yi et al reported an increase in butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Roseburia, Dorea , and Anaerostipes ) were enriched in responders to chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer [ 64 ] ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Scfas and Cancer Treatment Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Impact on Cancer Treatment Response and Toxicities

et al. 2022

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The gut microbiota has emerged as a key modulator of cancer treatment responses in terms of both efficacy and toxicity. This effect is clearly mediated by processes impacting the activation and modulation of immune responses. More recently, the ability to regulate chemotherapeutic drug metabolism has also emerged as a key driver of response, although the direct mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. Through fermentation, the gut microbiota can produce several types of metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs play an important role in maintaining epithelial barrier functions and intestinal homeostasis, with recent work suggesting that SCFAs can modulate response to cancer treatments and influence both anti-tumor immune response and inflammatory-related side effects. In this review, we will discuss the importance of SCFAs and their implications for cancer treatment response and toxicities.

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Section: Scfas and Cancer Treatment Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Impact on Cancer Treatment Response and Toxicities

et al. 2022

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“…The levels of SCFAs in stool samples will be determined by GC coupled with a flameionization detector, as described elsewhere [22]. Briefly, 20 mg of fecal samples will be homogenized in 200 µL of distilled water and, subsequently, 100 µL of homogenized fecal samples will be mixed with 40 mg of sodium chloride, 20 mg of citric acid, 40 µL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, and 200 µL of butanol: tetrahydrofuran: acetonitrile (50:30:20).…”

Section: Analysis Of Scfas In Fecal Samples By Gas Chromatography (Gc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome Modification through Dietary Intervention in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: Protocol for a Prospective, Interventional, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial in Patients with Scheduled Surgical Intervention for CRC

Martínez-Sánchez

Núñez‐Sánchez

Román

et al. 2022

JCM

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second cause of cancer death worldwide. Several factors have been postulated to be involved in CRC pathophysiology, including heritable and environmental factors, which are the latest to be closely associated with nutritional habits, physical activity, obesity, and the gut microbiota. The latter may also play a key role in CRC prognosis and derived complications in patients undergoing surgery. This is a single-center, open, controlled, randomized clinical trial, in patients with scheduled surgical intervention for CRC. The primary objective is to assess whether a pre-surgical nutritional intervention, based on a high-fiber diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), can reduce disturbances of the gut microbiota composition and, consequently, the rate of post-surgical complications in patients with CRC. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio after receiving a diagnosis of CRC. In the control arm, patients will receive standard nutritional recommendations, while patients in the intervention arm will be advised to follow a high-fiber diet rich in PUFAs before surgery. Participants will be followed up for one year to evaluate the overall rate of postsurgical complications, recurrences of CRC, response to adjuvant therapy, and overall/disease-free survival.

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“…These interactions show in close relay, metabolism, immunity, tumor development, genetic instability and sensitivity to cancer related to GI toxicities and have the potential to expect radiation/chemoradiation-induced adverse effects and quality of life in patients who has experienced these treatments [60]. Treated patients who enjoys clinical benefits from radiotherapy (responders, R) has higher microbial diversity and richness compared to non-responder patients (NR) [61]. The fecal microbiome of the R is enriched in butyrate-producing bacteria and have evidently higher levels of acetic, butyric, isobutyric, and hexanoic acids than NR.…”

Section: Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fecal microbiome of the R is enriched in butyrate-producing bacteria and have evidently higher levels of acetic, butyric, isobutyric, and hexanoic acids than NR. NR patients shows higher serum levels of spermine and acetyl polyamines (oncometabolites related to CRC) as well as zonulin (gut permeability marker), and their gut microbiome is abundant in pro-inflammatory species [61].…”

Section: Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Horizon on Gut Microbiome and Cancers: Recent Information on Pathogenesis and Treatment

Fukui¹

2022

AJIM

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An increasing number of studies have suggested that gut microbiota is closely related to tumor pathogenesis and their treatments. Among cancers, there have been many reports concerning gut microbiome and colon cancer (CRC), where microbial dysbiosis with depressing the population of "benign microbes" and increasing "harmful microbes" can lead to chronic enterocolitis and cancer development with progression. In addition, gut dysbiosis may change the metabolism of bile acids promoting CRC, which would offer a potential preventive therapeutic change in CRC by regulating gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 impacts the gut microbiota, and the effects will have on CRC carcinogenesis. Obesity is estimated as an important factor that increases the risk of CRC. There has been accumulating evidence that the modulation of the gut microbiota composition by probiotics, prebiotics, and diets protects patients with CRC. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the third leading cause of worldwide cancer mortality. Development of HCC in cirrhotic patients is related to changes in intestinal microbiome, including an escalation of dysbiosis and reduced bacterial richness. The species richness of fecal microbiota of hepatitis B-HCC patients was much high. The alterations of fecal microbiome may affect the process of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related progression of gastric lesion. Patients with gastric cancer have distinct microbiome in the stomach with lower biodiversity. Some bacteria from gastric microbiome are potentially carcinogenic as they are changed in gastric cancer. Patients with pancreas cancer and cholangiocarcinoma have also been related to gut dysbiosis. Other malignancies outside the gut like breast cancer (BC) might be related to gut microbiome as they might affect through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signal and immune function in the occurrence and progression of BC. Finally, cancer cachexia might be also associated with gut dysbiosis as it is closely related to bile acids (BA) metabolism regulation. The effects and side effects by variable cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and also immunotherapy may be reconsidered from gut microbiome.

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Relationships of Gut Microbiota Composition, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Polyamines with the Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Impact on Cancer Treatment Response and Toxicities

Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Impact on Cancer Treatment Response and Toxicities

Gut Microbiome Modification through Dietary Intervention in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: Protocol for a Prospective, Interventional, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial in Patients with Scheduled Surgical Intervention for CRC

New Horizon on Gut Microbiome and Cancers: Recent Information on Pathogenesis and Treatment

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