Relative bioavailability of lead from mining waste soil in rats

Freeman, G. B.; Johnson, Jerry D.; Killinger, Joanne M.; Liao, Shiyan; Feder, Paul I.; Davis, Andy; Ruby, Michael V.; Chaney, Rufus L.; Lovre, Stanton C.; Bergstrom, Paul D.

doi:10.1016/0272-0590(92)90178-k

Cited by 84 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This ratio is measured under presumed steady state conditions after repeated exposure, resulting in a stable BLL, or at various times during the experiment to monitor BLL evolution [44]. Similar ratios can be established for bones, kidneys, and liver on the last day of the experiment [45-47]. …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 1, rats, piglets, and rabbits have been used to estimate Pb particle bioavailability. Pioneer studies used rodents and rabbits to determine bioavailability and the risk to infants/children [39,44,45,54,55,71-74]. …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in a drastic decrease in the rat’s Pb absorption rate, from about 80% between 0 and 30 days to about 50% between 1–2 weeks and 6–8 weeks [30,51]. Several in vivo studies listed in Table 1 have used rats aged 4 weeks and 6–7 weeks [39,40,44,45,54,57], which may have been too old to be representative of the high Pb absorption rates found in children 0–6 years old [52]. Differences in the soils tested aside, the animal’s age may actually explain the significantly higher blood RBA (85-88%) observed in weaning rats aged 21 days [46,47], compared to that of rats aged 4 weeks and older (0.8-41%) [39,40,45,54].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several in vivo studies listed in Table 1 have used rats aged 4 weeks and 6–7 weeks [39,40,44,45,54,57], which may have been too old to be representative of the high Pb absorption rates found in children 0–6 years old [52]. Differences in the soils tested aside, the animal’s age may actually explain the significantly higher blood RBA (85-88%) observed in weaning rats aged 21 days [46,47], compared to that of rats aged 4 weeks and older (0.8-41%) [39,40,45,54]. Also, the 12-week old rabbits used by Ruby et al [55] may be more representative of adult digestive conditions, as a 5-week old rabbit absorbs twice as much Pb as an older rabbit [52].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, a fixed quantity of soil/dust is administered based on the estimated average daily soil/dust intake for children, which corresponds to a variable Pb dosage depending on the Pb content of the soil. However, for some animal models, such as the rat, it is often necessary to increase dosages in order to increase BLLs to detectable levels that permit reliable differentiation between the PbAc and the test material [45]. Bioavailability results obtained under such conditions may be underestimated, as the rate of elimination of Pb at these high dosages could be much higher, especially if they largely exceed the saturation concentration for active transport mechanisms in the gut [79].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental determination of the oral bioavailability and bioaccessibility of lead particles

Deshommes

Tardif

Edwards

et al. 2012

Chemistry Central Journal

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In vivo estimations of Pb particle bioavailability are costly and variable, because of the nature of animal assays. The most feasible alternative for increasing the number of investigations carried out on Pb particle bioavailability is in vitro testing. This testing method requires calibration using in vivo data on an adapted animal model, so that the results will be valid for childhood exposure assessment. Also, the test results must be reproducible within and between laboratories. The Relative Bioaccessibility Leaching Procedure, which is calibrated with in vivo data on soils, presents the highest degree of validation and simplicity. This method could be applied to Pb particles, including those in paint and dust, and those in drinking water systems, which although relevant, have been poorly investigated up to now for childhood exposure assessment.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Experimental determination of the oral bioavailability and bioaccessibility of lead particles

Deshommes

Tardif

Edwards

et al. 2012

Chemistry Central Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Soil lead bioavailability and in situ remediation of lead‐contaminated soils: A review

2004

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The environmental risk from soil lead (Pb) is related to its bioavailability. Soil Pb bioavailability depends on the solubility of Pb solid phases and other site‐specific soil chemistry, suggesting that in situ stabilization of soil Pb can be accomplished by changing soil Pb chemistry. This paper presents a review of soil Pb bioavailability and an evaluation of in situ stabilization methods that can be used to reduce Pb bioavailability. A promising in situ approach involves the amendment of Pb‐contaminated soil with phosphorus (P) in various forms or P with other amendments. Two general categories of P are insoluble forms, such as phosphate rock or synthetic apatites, and soluble forms typically present in commercially available fertilizer products or phosphoric acid. Numerous indirect assessment techniques show marked reductions in soil Pb biovailability upon addition of P and other amendments to Pb‐contaminated soils. The techniques include physiologically based extraction tests, plant uptake of Pb, and other soil Pb extraction methods. More directly, animal feeding studies also show reductions in soil Pb biovailability. In situ stabilization of soil Pb using P and other soil amendments is an emerging technology integrating soil chemistry, agricultural practices, and engineering that is gaining public and regulatory acceptance. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 23: 78–93, 2004

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The value of metals bioavailability and speciation information for ecological risk assessment in arid soils

Suedel¹,

Nicholson²,

Day

et al. 2006

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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When evaluating the risk chemicals may pose to mammals and birds in ecological risk assessments (ERAs), it is common practice to conservatively assume that all (100%) of a chemical in an environmental medium is bioavailable to receptors. This assumption often leads to overestimating ecological risk and may ultimately result in costly and unnecessary risk management actions. While effects of bioavailability and speciation of metals such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) have been considered in human health risk assessment, these effects are rarely taken into consideration when assessing risks to mammals and birds. An ERA was conducted at the former Col-Tex refinery site in Colorado City, Texas, USA, to characterize risks to select wildlife species from exposure to chromium (Cr) and Pb found in soils. The focus on these metals was based on results of a screening-level ERA that found that Cr and Pb were posing ecological risks at the site. Soils were analyzed for total Cr and Pb, trivalent Cr (CrIII), hexavalent Cr (CrVI), organic Pb, and the bioavailability and speciation of Pb. Results for Pb and Cr indicated that .94% of the Cr was present as the less toxic and immobile Cr(III) and that .99% of the Pb in soils was present as inorganic Pb. Lead bioaccessibility measured by in vitro testing ranged from 8% to 77.8%, depending on location of individual soil samples. Results demonstrated that Pb and Cr bioavailability and speciation information can raise soil cleanup concentrations while being protective of ecological receptors. The costs of performing the ERA were de minimus compared to the reduction in remediation costs at the site. The refined hazard estimates allowed informed decision making in the management and segregation of soils, allowing for effective risk management at the site.

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Relative bioavailability of lead from mining waste soil in rats

Cited by 84 publications

References 18 publications

Experimental determination of the oral bioavailability and bioaccessibility of lead particles

Experimental determination of the oral bioavailability and bioaccessibility of lead particles

Soil lead bioavailability and in situ remediation of lead‐contaminated soils: A review

The value of metals bioavailability and speciation information for ecological risk assessment in arid soils

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