Relative contributions of fungi and bacteria to soil carboxymethylcellulase activity

Rhee, Young Ha; Hah, Yung Chil; Shen, Hong

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(87)90042-3

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Results reported by Hayano (1986) indicated that fungi were the major source of cellulase in soils. These results were consistent with those obtained by Rhee et al (1987), who demonstrated that the ratio of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity of bacterial origin to that of fungal origin to be 1 to 6. These results indicated that fungi are the predominant contributors of soil cellulase.…”

Section: Biological Distribution States and Sources Of Cellulase Insupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Little is known about the relative contributions of fungi and bacteria to soil cellulase activity because it is difGcult to distinguish fungal cellulases from those of bacterial origin. Fungal cellulases are, however, considered the major contributor of cellulase activity in soils (Hayano, 1986;Rhee et al, 1987) Several factors affect the kinetics and rate of the reaction in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose are important. These factors include the structure and composition of the insoluble substrate, the nature and composition of the enzyme system, and the inhibition effects of reaction products, especially cellobiose.…”

Section: Structure Of Carboxymethyl Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulase activity of soils and the effect of tillage management on enzyme activities in soils

Deng

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APPENDIX 215 carbon side chain. It is formed by polycondensation (chemical reaction) of phenolic compounds and free radicals. Thus, it does not show a specific order. In addition, it is very inert (Paul and Clark, 1989). Hemicelluloses are various polymers of hexoses, pentoses, and sometimes, uronic acids. In the pure state, hemicelluloses are easily decomposed. In nature, however, they are frequently complexed with other substances that may make the breakdown more difficult. Enzymatic degradability of cellulose is closely related to its structure, forms, and its association with lignin and hemiceUulose. As Eriksson (1981) and Schwald et al. (1988) indicated, the resistance of native cellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis is due, in part, to its intrinsic properties and to the fact that its association with lignin, the polysaccharides, hemiceUulose and pectin, hinder access by cellulolytic enzymes. In addition, hydrogen bonding holds the cellulose molecules together. As a result, these fibers are composed of crystalline or highly ordered regions and less ordered, amorphous regions. This results in differences in reactivity and adsorption of the substrate by the cellulolytic enzyme due to its accessibility, degree of polymerization, or variation in crystal structure. Biodégradation of Cellulose Cellulose in soils is derived mainly from photosynthesis of higher plants.

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Section: Biological Distribution States and Sources Of Cellulase Insupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Structure Of Carboxymethyl Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulase activity of soils and the effect of tillage management on enzyme activities in soils

Deng

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“…The fact that CELase activity was expressed in a limited number of fungal species excludes the use of this activity as a measure of fungal biomass. However, the correlation between 18:26 PLFA and CELase activity is consistent with a predominant fungal origin (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…A major role is played by the cellulase system, which consists of several distinct enzymes that are produced by a large number of microorganisms, including fungi, actinomycetes, and bacteria. However, fungi have been suggested as the predominant source of ␤-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) (16,17) and endo 1,4-␤-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) (23) activity in soils.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Fluorogenic Substrates To Measure Fungal Presence and Activity in Soil

Miller

Palojärvi

Rangger

et al. 1998

Appl Environ Microbiol

181

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Our objective was to determine if 4-methylumbelliferyl-labelled enzyme substrates could be used to detect and quantify specific components of chitinase and cellulase activities as specific indicators of the presence and activity of fungal biomass. The fluorogenic substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl (MUF)N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide and MUF β-d-lactoside were used for the detection and quantification of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30 ) (NAGase) and endo 1,4-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4 )/cellobiohydrolase (EC3.2.1.91 ) (CELase), respectively. Culture screenings on solid media showed a widespread ability to produce NAGase among a taxonomically diverse selection of fungi on media with and without added chitin. NAGase activity was expressed only in a limited number of bacteria and on media supplemented with chitin. The CELase activity was observed only in a limited number of fungi and bacteria. Bacterial CELase activity was expressed on agar media containing a cellulose-derived substrate. In soil samples, NAGase activity was significantly correlated with estimates of fungal biomass, based on the content of two fungus-specific indicator molecules, 18:2ω6 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and ergosterol. CELase activity was significantly correlated with the PLFA-based estimate of fungal biomass in the soil, but no correlation was found with ergosterol-based estimates of fungal biomass.

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“…Though bacteria and fungi produce enzymes in the cellulose degradation pathway (GLU, GAL, CEL), fungi have been proposed to be responsible for the majority of GLU (Rhee et al 1987) and CEL (Baldrian and Šnajdr 2011;Kjøller and Struwe 2002) activities by secretion of these enzymes, in particular under notillage (van Capelle et al 2012;Zuber and Villamil 2016). Fungi can further influence GLM indirectly because this enzyme degrades chitin derived from fungal biomass (Parham and Deng 2000).…”

Section: Changes In Som Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical proxies indicate differences in soil C cycling induced by long-term tillage and residue management in a tropical agroecosystem

et al. 2017

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Background & aim A potential benefit of conservation agriculture (CA) is soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual, yet recent studies indicate limited or no i m p a c t o f C A o n t o t a l S O C i n tr o p i c a l agroecosystems. We evaluated biochemical indicators of soil C cycling after 9 years (18 seasons) of contrasting tillage with and without maize residue retention in western Kenya. Methods Potential activities of C-cycling enzymes (β-glucosidase, GLU; β-galactosidase, GAL; glucosaminidase, GLM; cellobiohydrolase, CEL), permanganate-oxidizable C (POXC), and soil organic matter (SOM) composition (by infrared spectroscopy) were measured.Results POXC tended to be greater under reduced tillage and residue retention, but did not significantly differ among treatments (≤ 2% of SOC). Despite no significant differences in SOC concentrations or stocks, activities of all 4 C-cycling enzymes responded strongly to tillage, and to a lesser extent to residue management. Activities of GLU, GAL, and GLM were greatest under the combination of reduced tillage and residue retention relative to other treatments. Reduced tillage produced an enrichment in carboxyl C = O (+6%) and decreased polysaccharide C-O (−3.5%) relative to conventional tillage irrespective of residue management. Conclusions Though enzyme activities and POXC are typically associated with SOC accrual, changes in soil C cycling at this site have not translated into significant differences in SOC after 9 years. Elevated enzyme activities may have offset potential SOC accumulation under CA. However, the ratio of C-cycling enzyme activities to SOC was higher under reduced tillage and residue retention relative to other treatments, indicating that stoichiometric scaling of SOC and enzyme activities does not explain absence of significant differences in SOC among tillage and residue managements. Potential factors that may explain the low SOC accrual rates in this tropical agroecosystem included the low, albeit realistic, levels of residue retention, nutrient limitations, and high temperatures favoring decomposition.

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Relative contributions of fungi and bacteria to soil carboxymethylcellulase activity

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Cellulase activity of soils and the effect of tillage management on enzyme activities in soils

Cellulase activity of soils and the effect of tillage management on enzyme activities in soils

The Use of Fluorogenic Substrates To Measure Fungal Presence and Activity in Soil

Biochemical proxies indicate differences in soil C cycling induced by long-term tillage and residue management in a tropical agroecosystem

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