The Use of Fluorogenic Substrates To Measure Fungal Presence and Activity in Soil

Miller, Morten; Palojärvi, Ansa; Rangger, Andrea; Reeslev, Morten; Kjøller, Annelise

doi:10.1128/aem.64.2.613-617.1998

Cited by 181 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Gram-positive bacteria were positively correlated with cellobiohydrolase responsible for degrading complex compounds (Waldrop et al 2000;Bell et al 2009). The saprophytic fungi possess the physiological capacity to produce phenol oxidase and peroxidase essential in lignin depolymerization (Colpaert and Laere 1996;Courty et al 2008), as well as to produce NAGase involved in chitin degradation (Miller et al 1998;Burke et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating microbial community structure to functioning in forest soil organic carbon transformation and turnover

You

Wang

Huang

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forest soils store vast amounts of terrestrial carbon, but we are still limited in mechanistic understanding on how soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization or turnover is controlled by biotic and abiotic factors in forest ecosystems. We used phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) as biomarker to study soil microbial community structure and measured activities of five extracellular enzymes involved in the degradation of cellulose (i.e., β-1,4-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase), chitin (i.e., β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase), and lignin (i.e., phenol oxidase and peroxidase) as indicators of soil microbial functioning in carbon transformation or turnover across varying biotic and abiotic conditions in a typical temperate forest ecosystem in central China. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to determine the interrelationship between individual PFLAs and biotic and abiotic site factors as well as the linkage between soil microbial structure and function. Path analysis was further conducted to examine the controls of site factors on soil microbial community structure and the regulatory pathway of changes in SOC relating to microbial community structure and function. We found that soil microbial community structure is strongly influenced by water, temperature, SOC, fine root mass, clay content, and C/N ratio in soils and that the relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, saprophytic fungi, and actinomycetes explained most of the variations in the specific activities of soil enzymes involved in SOC transformation or turnover. The abundance of soil bacterial communities is strongly linked with the extracellular enzymes involved in carbon transformation, whereas the abundance of saprophytic fungi is associated with activities of extracellular enzymes driving carbon oxidation. Findings in this study demonstrate the complex interactions and linkage among plant traits, microenvironment, and soil physiochemical properties in affecting SOC via microbial regulations.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating microbial community structure to functioning in forest soil organic carbon transformation and turnover

You

Wang

Huang

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The increased chitinase activity in soil mostly reflects higher fungal abundance (Chung et al, 2007). Miller et al (1998) documented a significant positive relationship between chitinase activity and fungal biomass. In their study, N-acetylglucosaminidase was produced by a diverse group of fungi, but not by any of bacterial species.…”

Section: Microbial Biomass In Soil Aggregates Under Ambient and Elevamentioning

confidence: 92%

Stimulation of microbial extracellular enzyme activities by elevated CO₂ depends on soil aggregate size

Dorodnikov

Blagodatskaya

Blagodatsky

et al. 2009

Global Change Biology

203

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increased belowground carbon (C) transfer by plant roots at elevated CO 2 may change properties of the microbial community in the rhizosphere. Previous investigations that focused on total soil organic C or total microbial C showed contrasting results: small increase, small decrease or no changes. We evaluated the effect of 5 years of elevated CO 2 (550 ppm) on four extracellular enzymes: b-glucosidase, chitinase, phosphatase, and sulfatase. We expected microorganisms to be differently localized in aggregates of various sizes and, therefore analyzed microbial biomass (C mic by SIR) and enzyme activities in three aggregate-size classes: large macro-(42 mm), small macro-(0.25-2 mm), and microaggregates (o0.25 mm). To estimate the potential enzyme production, we activated microorganisms by substrate (glucose and nutrients) amendment. Although C total and C mic as well as the activities of b-glucosidase, phosphatase, and sulfatase were unaffected in bulk soil and in aggregate-size classes by elevated CO 2 , significant changes were observed in potential enzyme production after substrate amendment. After adding glucose, enzyme activities under elevated CO 2 were 1.2-1.9-fold higher than under ambient CO 2 . This indicates the increased activity of microorganisms, which leads to accelerated C turnover in soil under elevated CO 2 . Significantly higher chitinase activity in bulk soil and in large macroaggregates under elevated CO 2 revealed an increased contribution of fungi to turnover processes. At the same time, less chitinase activity in microaggregates underlined microaggregate stability and the difficulties for fungal hyphae penetrating them. We conclude that quantitative and qualitative changes of C input by plants into the soil at elevated CO 2 affect microbial community functioning, but not its total content. Future studies should therefore focus more on the changes of functions and activities, but less on the pools.

show abstract

“…The ¢rst one involved boiling the soil in 1 M HCl for 60 min and increasing the pH before £uorescence measurement with K 2 HPO 4 bu¡er (40 mM, pH 9). The second technique used Tris^malate bu¡er (50 mM, pH 5) and increased pH with 2.5 M Tris bu¡er [23] and the third one extraction with K 2 HPO 4 bu¡er (40 mM, pH 9).…”

Section: Soil Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hydroxyl radicals produced by wood-decomposing fungi

Tornberg

2002

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hydroxyl radical ( c OH) is believed to act as the small non-enzymatic agent involved in the brown-rot decay of wood. However, knowledge about the relation between hydroxyl radical production and the activity of wood-decomposing fungi in wood or about the significance of these radicals during interactions with other organisms is limited due to a lack of reliable methods for detecting the radicals. A sensitive and specific fluorescence method was developed in this study to detect the production of c OH by wood-decomposing fungal species. The method was based on the hydroxylation of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, which produces 7-hydroxy-coumarin-3carboxylic acid (7-OHCCA), a fluorescent, stable and specific product. Wood discs colonized by fungi were placed on water agar containing coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, where the formation of 7-OHCCA occurred and the fluorescence could be measured. The production of c OH was above the detection limit for eight of the 10 fungal species. The highest level, 8^25 times that of the detection limit, was produced by the brown-rot fungus Antrodia vaillantii. In interaction experiments where A. vaillantii had established contact with the antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, the production of c OH increased, whereas contact with Bacillus subtilis did not change the amount of c OH generated compared with controls containing only the fungus. In contrast, the production of c OH increased above the control level when the fungus Coniophora puteana was in contact with any of these bacteria. The method was also tested in soil, with the result that 40% of 7-OHCCA added to the soil could be recovered with K 2 HPO 4 buffer. ß

show abstract

The Use of Fluorogenic Substrates To Measure Fungal Presence and Activity in Soil

Cited by 181 publications

References 27 publications

Relating microbial community structure to functioning in forest soil organic carbon transformation and turnover

Relating microbial community structure to functioning in forest soil organic carbon transformation and turnover

Stimulation of microbial extracellular enzyme activities by elevated CO₂ depends on soil aggregate size

Detection of hydroxyl radicals produced by wood-decomposing fungi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Use of Fluorogenic Substrates To Measure Fungal Presence and Activity in Soil

Cited by 181 publications

References 27 publications

Relating microbial community structure to functioning in forest soil organic carbon transformation and turnover

Relating microbial community structure to functioning in forest soil organic carbon transformation and turnover

Stimulation of microbial extracellular enzyme activities by elevated CO2 depends on soil aggregate size

Detection of hydroxyl radicals produced by wood-decomposing fungi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Stimulation of microbial extracellular enzyme activities by elevated CO₂ depends on soil aggregate size