Relative Flow Rates of Salt and Water in Soil

Krupp, H.; Biggar, J. W.; Nielsen, D. R.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600030016x

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…(56) using calculated values of rfrom Eq. This figure shows a comparison between calculated and experimental anion exclusion data (for a CaCl 2 system) as reported by: a) for kaolinitic and illitic clay soil; b) Thomas and Swoboda (1970) for a montmorillonitic clay soil; and c) Krupp et al (1972) for a montmorillonitic clay loam soil. 36.…”

Section: Modeling Of Anion Exclusionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Saline and Sodic Soils

Bresler

McNeal

Carter

1982

Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences

391

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Section: Modeling Of Anion Exclusionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Saline and Sodic Soils

Bresler

McNeal

Carter

1982

Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences

391

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“…There have been several reported instances in which anion exclusion has been hypothesized to play a role in the flux of solutes though the vadose zone (Biggar and Nielsen 1962;Krupp et al 1972;Wierenga and van Genuchten 1989). Anion exclusion occurs when negatively charged species (solutes, colloids, microbes) are electrostatically repelled by negatively charged solid surfaces to travel at velocities in excess of those of the migrating fluids.…”

Section: Evidence Of Anion Exclusion During Vadose Zone Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: Summary Report

Ward¹,

Conrad²,

Daily³

et al. 2006

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SummaryA series of field studies were conducted at the Hanford Site, near Richland, Washington, from FY 2000 through FY 2003 at two different locations to develop data sets to test models of flow and transport in the vadose zone. The field studies were also done to investigate advanced monitoring techniques for evaluating flow-and-transport mechanisms and delineating contaminant plumes in the vadose zone at the Hanford Site. The studies were conducted as part of the Groundwater/Vadose Zone Integration Project Science and Technology Project, now known as the Remediation and Closure Science Project, managed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office. This report summarizes the key findings from the field studies and demonstrates how data collected from these studies are being used to improve conceptual models and develop numerical models of flow and transport in Hanford's vadose zone. Results from the field studies and associated analysis have appeared in more than 46 publications generated over the past 4 years. These publications include test plans and status reports in addition to numerous technical notes and papers.Two major field campaigns were performed, one at a well injection test site and a second at a clastic dike test site. Both field studies have resulted in field-scale transport parameters for Hanford conditions, which are useful for improving predictions of subsurface flow and transport at the Hanford Site. In addition, advanced geophysical methods, including high resolution electrical resistivity measurements, were successfully tested and are now being deployed at Hanford for subsurface investigations and tank retrieval detection. The most useful information gained from these studies has been a better understanding of flow and transport in the vadose zone, and this has been specifically related to the impact of small-scale stratigraphic features (e.g., sediment layering) on water flow and contaminant transport. Conceptual models have been developed that take into account the lateral spreading of water and contaminants observed in the field studies. Numerical models of unsaturated flow and transport have been revised to account for lateral spreading of subsurface contaminant plumes.The key results from these studies include: 1) Greater understanding of the complexity of plume migration in the vadose zone at Hanford. Finescale geologic heterogeneities, including grain fabric and lamination, were observed to have a strong effect on the large-scale behavior of contaminant plumes, primarily through increased lateral spreading resulting from anisotropy.2) Observations of anion exclusion in Hanford sediments. Anion exclusion is a mechanism by which negatively charged ions are repelled from the surfaces of negatively charged soil particles, thereby increasing their velocity. Thus, the travel time of ions like pertechnetate, the stable form of 99 Tc found in oxidized environments, may decrease over that of unsaturated water f...

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“…This has been interpreted as temporary retention of tritium in an immobile water phase around clay particles (Kaufman and Orlob, 1956;Biggar and Nielsen, 1962;Krupp et al, 1972). Longer-term experiments have also shown that tritium may actually exchange with clay hydroxyls or become incorporated in the clay lattice, resulting in a more or less permanent fixation (Stewart, 1967;Rabinowitz et al, 1971).…”

Section: A Comparison Of Bomb-^^cl With Bomb-tritium In Various Hydromentioning

confidence: 99%