Relative humidity sensing properties of doped polyaniline-encased multiwall carbon nanotubes: wearable and flexible human respiration monitoring application

Kundu, Sukumar; Majumder, Rahul; Ghosh, Ria; Pradhan, Monalisa; Roy, Subhadip; Singha, Priyankar; Ghosh, Dibyendu; Banerjee, Aritra; Banerjee, Dipali; Chowdhury, Manish Pal

doi:10.1007/s10853-019-04276-z

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been used in combination with PANI to fabricate and characterize a humidity sensor [ 149 ]. Another example of a sensor reported for the detection of humidity and ammonia was fabricated using carbon nanofibers (CNFs), PANI and PVA [ 12 ].…”

Section: Carbon-based Humidity Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline/Biopolymer Composite Systems for Humidity Sensor Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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The development of polyaniline (PANI)/biomaterial composites as humidity sensor materials represents an emerging area of advanced materials with promising applications. The increasing attention to biopolymer materials as desiccants for humidity sensor components can be explained by their sustainability and propensity to absorb water. This review represents a literature survey, covering the last decade, which is focused on the interrelationship between the core properties and moisture responsiveness of multicomponent polymer/biomaterial composites. This contribution provides an overview of humidity-sensing materials and the corresponding sensors that emphasize the resistive (impedance) type of PANI devices. The key physicochemical properties that affect moisture sensitivity include the following: swelling, water vapor adsorption capacity, porosity, electrical conductivity, and enthalpies of adsorption and vaporization. Some key features of humidity-sensing materials involve the response time, recovery time, and hysteresis error. This work presents a discussion on various types of humidity-responsive composite materials that contain PANI and biopolymers, such as cellulose, chitosan and structurally related systems, along with a brief overview of carbonaceous and ceramic materials. The effect of additive components, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), for film fabrication and their adsorption properties are also discussed. The mechanisms of hydration and proton transfer, as well as the relationship with conductivity is discussed. The literature survey on hydration reveals that the textural properties (surface area and pore structure) of a material, along with the hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) play a crucial role. The role of HLB is important in PANI/biopolymer materials for understanding hydration phenomena and hydrophobic effects. Fundamental aspects of hydration studies that are relevant to humidity sensor materials are reviewed. The experimental design of humidity sensor materials is described, and their relevant physicochemical characterization methods are covered, along with some perspectives on future directions in research on PANI-based humidity sensors.

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Section: Carbon-based Humidity Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline/Biopolymer Composite Systems for Humidity Sensor Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, humidity sensors significantly contribute to various sectors including agriculture, chemical and food production, climate control, environmental monitoring and health, as well as various industrial sectors such as electronics, paper, automobile and pharmaceuticals production [ 2 ]. The basic requirements towards the development of excellent and accurate humidity sensors are an exceptionally low hysteresis followed by negligible temperature effect, fast recovery times, thermal stability, long-term durability, resistance to pollutants, low cost and over a wide range sensitivity of RH [ 3 ]. A number of materials are used to fabricate humidity sensors such as ceramics, semiconductors and polymers; these sensors follow different mechanisms for measuring the humidity level, which include humidity sensing by change in resistance, capacitance, surface acoustic wave, optical fiber and quartz crystal microbalance [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On other hand, CNTs have been applied for humidity sensing more widely compared to other carbon-based materials due to their superior electrical, physical and chemical properties. In addition, CNTs possess a large surface-to-volume ratio and nanoscale structure with a hollow core, and hence they are capable of adsorbing large amounts of foreign molecules on the surface [ 3 ]. Capacitive and resistive humidity sensors based on oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have shown remarkable response and sensitivity, while the addition of CNTs as fillers have improved the electrical and mechanical properties of polymer matrix [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Humidity Sensors Based on Polyethylene Oxide/CuO/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Nanofibers

et al. 2021

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Polymer composites are favorite materials for sensing applications due to their low cost and easy fabrication. In the current study, composite nanofibers consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles with 1% and 3% of fillers (i.e., PEO–CuO–MWCNT: 1%, and PEO–CuO–MWCNT: 3%) were successfully developed through electrospinning for humidity sensing applications. The composite nanofibers were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX analysis. Firstly, they were loaded on an interdigitated electrode (IDE), and then the humidity sensing efficiency was investigated through a digital LCR meter (E4980) at different frequencies (100 Hz–1MHz), as well as the percentage of relative humidity (RH). The results indicated that the composite nanofibers containing 1% and 3% MWCNT, combined with CuO in PEO polymer matrix, showed potent resistive and capacitive response along with high sensitivity to humidity at room temperature in an RH range of 30–90%. More specifically, the PEO–CuO–MWCNT: 1% nanocomposite displayed a resistive rapid response time within 3 s and a long recovery time of 22 s, while the PEO–CuO–MWCNT: 3% one exhibited 20 s and 11 s between the same RH range, respectively.

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“…Effective and reliable humidity monitoring is of prime signi cance in an increasing number of industrial sectors, for instance, chemical, electronics, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) [1][2][3]. Particularly with the recent emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, humidity sensors are the utmost important components in developing State-of-the-Art systems such as smart farming, storage monitoring, healthcare equipment (CPAP machines & ventilators), and home automation [4][5][6][7]. Commercially available humidity monitoring devices typically resort to measurements of moisture-related changes in temperature, pressure, mass, mechanical or electrical parameters of the active sensing material from which the moisture content can later be indicated [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitive and Conductometric type Dual-Mode Relative Humidity Sensor based on 5,10,15,20-tetra phenyl porphyrinato nickel (II) (TPPNi)

Akram

Muhammad

Farooq

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In the present study, TPPNi has been synthesized by using a microwave-assisted synthesis process. The layer structure of the fabricated humidity sensor (Al/TPPNi/Al) consists of pair of planar 120 nm thin Aluminium (Al) electrodes (deposited by thermal evaporation) and ~ 160 nm facile spin-coated solution-processable organic polymer TPPNi as an active layer between the ~ 40 µm electrode gap which was created through shadow mask process. Physical characterization showed that synthesized TPPNi thin films are very well suitable for their application as ambient sensors based on location and width for Soret band from optical characterization, amorphous structure from XRD, and most importantly the porous surface morphology from field emission scanning electron microscopic study. Electrical properties (capacitance and impedance) of sensors were found to be substantially sensitive not only on relative humidity but also on the frequency of the input bias signal. Our findings demonstrate that the TPPNi has higher humidity sensitivity at lower frequencies. The proposed sensor exhibits multimode (capacitive and conductometric) operation with significantly higher sensitivity ~ 146.17 pF/%RH at 500 Hz and 48.23 kΩ/%RH at 1 kHz. The developed Al/TPPNi/Al surface type humidity sensor's much-improved detecting properties along with reasonable dynamic range and response time suggest that it could be effective for continuous humidity monitoring in multi environmental applications.

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Relative humidity sensing properties of doped polyaniline-encased multiwall carbon nanotubes: wearable and flexible human respiration monitoring application

Cited by 42 publications

References 81 publications

Polyaniline/Biopolymer Composite Systems for Humidity Sensor Applications: A Review

Polyaniline/Biopolymer Composite Systems for Humidity Sensor Applications: A Review

Highly Sensitive Humidity Sensors Based on Polyethylene Oxide/CuO/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Nanofibers

Capacitive and Conductometric type Dual-Mode Relative Humidity Sensor based on 5,10,15,20-tetra phenyl porphyrinato nickel (II) (TPPNi)

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