Relative importance of nitrogen sources, algal alarm cues and grazer exposure to toxin production of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella

Griffin, Jessica E.; Park, Gihong; Dam, Hans G.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2019.04.006

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…1a, , and 5a); therefore, the original hypothesis that close relatedness among phytoplankton results in upregulation of toxin production was rejected. Additionally, the observed reduction of toxin production due to exposure to cues from related dead phytoplankton contrasts with recent findings in other studies (Senft‐Batoh et al ; Griffin et al ). In the study by Senft‐Batoh and colleagues, A. catenella (previously A. fundyense ) increased toxin production modestly, but significantly, in response to two strains of lysed conspecifics (Senft‐Batoh et al ); whereas, Griffin et al found that the same A. catenella strain did not significantly change its toxin production in response to the same two strains of lysed conspecifics (Griffin et al ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the observed reduction of toxin production due to exposure to cues from related dead phytoplankton contrasts with recent findings in other studies (Senft‐Batoh et al ; Griffin et al ). In the study by Senft‐Batoh and colleagues, A. catenella (previously A. fundyense ) increased toxin production modestly, but significantly, in response to two strains of lysed conspecifics (Senft‐Batoh et al ); whereas, Griffin et al found that the same A. catenella strain did not significantly change its toxin production in response to the same two strains of lysed conspecifics (Griffin et al ). Consequently, responses to dead phytoplankton cues by Alexandrium species appear to be species‐specific and not a conserved trait, given that some Alexandrium species respond to cues from conspecifics and congeners with decreased toxicity et al with either no change or enhanced toxicity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…1a and 3a). This is in agreement with recent findings that A. catenella increases toxin production in response to a lysed diatom and green alga (Griffin et al ). However, cues from closely related phytoplankton suppressed toxin production in A. minutum (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Harmful alga trades off growth and toxicity in response to cues from dead phytoplankton

Brown

Kubanek

2020

Limnology & Oceanography

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Organisms are under selection pressure to recognize predators and assess predation risk to avoid becoming prey. In some cases, the presence of injured competitors alerts individuals to the likelihood that predators are nearby. Previous studies have shown that the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum responds to chemical cues from copepods by dramatically upregulating sodium channel-blocking toxins that appear to function as defenses against copepod grazing. However, it is unknown whether A. minutum uses other cues, such as damaged phytoplankton, some of which are its competitors, to assess predation risk and subsequently increase its resistance to predators. To investigate the role of dead phytoplankton cues in chemical defense plasticity, A. minutum was exposed for 3 days to chemical cues from six different phytoplankton. Chemical cues from dead, unrelated, historically co-occurring phytoplankton species induced toxin production in A. minutum coincident with a decrease in growth. In contrast, exposure to chemical cues from more closely related dead phytoplankton, either conspecific or congeneric, suppressed toxin production in A. minutum relative to their absence. This was coupled with a modest, yet significant, increase in growth. The consistent inverse relationship between toxin production and growth suggests that A. minutum experiences a trade-off. Together, these results reveal that relatedness of dead phytoplankton is important in how A. minutum utilizes resources for growth and defense.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Harmful alga trades off growth and toxicity in response to cues from dead phytoplankton

Brown

Kubanek

2020

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Karakteristik dari populasi ini beragam dan terlihat dari fluktuasi populasi HAB di berbagai wilayah perairan, seperti di Teluk Lampung, Pesisir Semarang dan Waduk Panglima Besar Jendral Soedirman di Banjarnegara (Barokah, Putri, & Gunawan, 2017;Sari, Haeruddin, & Rudiyantil, 2017;Widyastuti, Sukanto, & Setyaningrum, 2015). Interaksi produsen saksitoksin dan komunitas biologisnya ini yang dapat menjadi pemicu produksi saksitoksin (Griffin, Park, & Dam, 2019). Struktur komunitas ini juga tergantung pada karakteristik lingkungannya.…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

Variasi Temporal Kadar Saksitoksin dalam Kekerangan dari Perairan Tanjung Balai, Sumatra Utara

Januar

Dwiyitno

Annisah

et al. 2019

JPBKP

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ABSTRAKKekerangan merupakan salah satu biota ekonomi penting di sektor perikanan. Namun, dengan sifatnya sebagai filter feeder, pencemaran lingkungan perairan dapat mempengaruhi keamanan pangannya, misalnya pencemaran senyawa saksitoksin, yang sering terakumulasi di biota kekerangan. Saksitoksin adalah senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh fitoplakton perairan, sehingga kadarnya dapat bervariasi secara temporal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi temporal secara musiman (muson timur, peralihan, dan barat) dari kadar saksitoksin pada tiga jenis biota kerang ekonomis (Anadara granosa, Anadara antiquata, dan Polymesoda erosa) yang diperoleh dari Perairan Tanjung Balai. Kekerangan diketahui sebagai produk unggulan di sentra perikanan Tanjung Balai. Variasi temporal kadar saksitoksin dihubungkan dengan kualitas air, untuk mengetahui korelasinya terhadap lingkungan tempat hidup kekerangan. Kualitas air dianalisis secara in situ menggunakan metode potensiometri dan kolorimetri, sementara kuantifikasi saksitoksin dilakukan menggunakan teknik spektrometri massa. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa kadar saksitoksin dari ketiga jenis kerang bervariasi antara 0,04 hingga 0,16 mg STXeq/kg berat basah kerang. Hal ini menunjukkan kekerangan di wilayah ini aman dari bahaya saksitoksin (ambang maksimum 0,8 mg STXeq/kg). Kadar bahan berbahaya ini tidak secara signifikan (P>0,05) dipengaruhi oleh ukuran dan jenis kerang. Namun, akumulasinya di musim muson barat secara signifikan (P<0,05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan musim muson timur dan peralihan. Hal ini diduga terkait dengan musim penghujan di muson barat yang meningkatkan polusi nutrien akibat limpasan terestrial. Kondisi ini diduga memicu peningkatan pertumbuhan fitoplakton, termasuk jenis penghasil saksitoksin, sehingga memicu peningkatan akumulasinya di kekerangan.KATA KUNCI : kekerangan, saxitoksin, kualitas air, Perairan Tanjung Balai ABSTRACT Marine mussels are important economic resources in fisheries sector. However, due to their filter feeder characteristic, environmental water pollution may affect their safety as food. For example, saxitoxin is one of dangerous chemical substances that usually accumulate in marine mussels. This substance is produced by phytoplankton; thus, the temporal content of saxitoxin in mussel may vary. This research aimed to analyze the temporal variations (east, intermediate, and west monsoon seasons) of saxitoxin from three economical marine mussels (Anadara granosa, Anadara antiquata, dan Polymesoda erosa) that were taken from Tanjung Balai Waters, Indonesia. Mussels are known as the most important fisheries product from this region. Temporal variation of saxitoxin was correlated to water quality, to analyze the relationship between saxitoxin accumulation with marine mussel environment. Water quality was analyzed in situ by potentiometric and colorimetric, while saxitoxin concentration was quantified by mass spectroscopic method. Results of this study showed that saxitoxin was found at 0.04 to 0.16 mg/kg wet weight of the sample. ...

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“…dinoflagellates (e.g. Selander et al 2006;Bergkvist et al 2008;Griffin et al 2019) and some toxic strains of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia (Lundholm et al 2018;Selander et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and benefits of toxin production in a dinoflagellate

Ryderheim

Selander

Kiørboe

2020

Preprint

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Many phytoplankton respond to chemical cues from grazers by upregulating defensive capabilities. Inducible defences like these are often assumed to come at a cost to the organism, but these trade-offs have not been experimentally established. A reason for this may be that costs only become evident under resource limiting conditions. Here, we exposed the toxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum to chemical cues from copepods under different levels of nitrogen limitation. Induced cells had higher cellular toxin content and a larger fraction of the cells were rejected by a copepod, demonstrating the clear benefits of toxin production. Induced cells also had a higher carbon and nitrogen content, despite an up to 25% reduction in cell size. Unexpectedly, induced cells seemed to grow faster than controls, likely owing to a higher nutrient affinity due to reduced size. We thus found no clear trade-offs, rather the opposite. However, we argue that indirect ecological costs that do not manifest under laboratory conditions are important and that the induction of toxins specific to particular defences prevents the cells from constantly synthesizing the large array of secondary metabolites that they are capable of producing.

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Relative importance of nitrogen sources, algal alarm cues and grazer exposure to toxin production of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella

Cited by 27 publications

References 51 publications

Harmful alga trades off growth and toxicity in response to cues from dead phytoplankton

Harmful alga trades off growth and toxicity in response to cues from dead phytoplankton

Variasi Temporal Kadar Saksitoksin dalam Kekerangan dari Perairan Tanjung Balai, Sumatra Utara

Costs and benefits of toxin production in a dinoflagellate

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