Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass Is Associated with Development of Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

BackgroundVisceral adiposity is related to insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle plays a central role in insulin-mediated glucose disposal; however, little is known about the association between muscle mass and metabolic syndrome (MS). This study is to clarify the clinical role of skeletal muscle mass in development of MS.MethodsA total of 1,042 subjects were enrolled. Subjects with prior MS and chronic diseases were excluded. After 24 months, development of MS was assessed using NCEP-ATP III criteria. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM; kg), body fat mass (BFM; kg), and visceral fat area (VFA; cm2) were obtained from bioelectrical analysis. Then, the following values were calculated as follows: percent of SMM (SMM%; %): SMM (kg)/weight (kg), skeletal muscle index (SMI; kg/m2): SMM (kg)/height (m2), skeletal muscle to body fat ratio (MFR): SMM (kg)/BFM (kg), and skeletal muscle to visceral fat ratio (SVR; kg/cm2): SMM (kg)/VFA (cm2).ResultsAmong 838 subjects, 88 (10.5%) were newly diagnosed with MS. Development of MS increased according to increasing quintiles of BMI, SMM, VFA, and SMI, but was negatively associated with SMM%, MFR, and SVR. VFA was positively associated with high waist circumference (WC), high blood pressure (BP), dysglycemia, and high triglyceride (TG). In contrast, MFR was negatively associated with high WC, high BP, dysglycemia, and high TG. SVR was negatively associated with all components of MS.ConclusionRelative SMM ratio to body composition, rather than absolute mass, may play a critical role in development of MS and could be used as a strong predictor.

N-3 fatty acid intake altered fat content and fatty acid distribution in chicken breast muscle, but did not influence mRNA expression of lipid-related enzymes

“…The fat percent in muscle has been shown to be a determinant for metabolic disease, inflammation and non-chronic diseases [22]. Indeed, the present results confirm that there are strong correlations between fat percent and indices for desaturases and elongases, apparent supporting the role of muscle fat percent as a marker in relation to chronic diseases in man.…”

Metabolic risk factors in U.S. youth with low relative muscle mass

“…This is a variation of a measure introduced recently [25]. To rank the subjects according to RMM we distributed them into quartiles.…”

Relationship Between Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A 7‐Year Longitudinal Study

“…utilization and secretion of myokines that mediate crosstalk among muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and other organs. (6,7) Several studies have reported that low muscle mass is associated with the prevalence of NAFLD in cross-sectional settings, (8)(9)(10)(11) but longitudinal data exploring the causal relationship between low muscle mass and NAFLD are limited. In addition, the effect of skeletal muscle mass on the resolution of existing NAFLD is poorly understood.…”