Relative specificity of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies to human T‐cell lymphotrophic virus, type III, and their relationship to Western blotting

Fang, Chi; Darr, Fred; Kleinman, Steven; Wehling, R.H.; Dodd, Roger Y.

doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1986.26286152918.x

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Because several of the presently used ELISA screening tests may give nonspecific responses [3,4], and in order to avoid sub jecting 'false-positive' donors to the trauma associated with incorrect diagnosis, it is common practice to use confirmatory procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Antibody Screening and Confirmatory Testing of Italian Blood Donors

Ferroni¹,

Tagger²,

Pasquali³

et al. 1988

Vox Sanguinis

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During the first year (1986) of blood donor screening for antibody to HIV, 201,750 subjects were tested in 40 blood banks of Lombardia (Italy). All sera repeatedly positive by ELISA were submitted to our reference center for confirmation by Western blot (WB). Only 40 (0.02%) of 286 repeatedly reactive donors were positive by WB, whereas another 45 (0.022%) gave atypical antibody reactivities on WB, mainly directed against HIV core proteins. Of the 16 donors with inconclusive WB results followed for 4-12 months, 3 developed a full-blown antibody response, 5 maintained the anti-core reactivity throughout the follow-up period, and 8 lost all reactivities. The use of recombinant env and core antigen ELlSAs seems to decrease the proportion of sera with inconclusive WB reactions, and to identify as true positive all seroconverting donors in advance of the WB test. The large majority (35 out of 40) of WB-positive donors and all seroconverters for antibody to HIV admitted to belong to a group at risk for AIDS. Among the 19 first-time donors with HIV infection, we found 3 subjects with serological evidence of LAV-2 infection. We describe also the diagnostic and ethical issues when a donor notification policy is based on WB confirmatory procedures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Antibody Screening and Confirmatory Testing of Italian Blood Donors

Ferroni¹,

Tagger²,

Pasquali³

et al. 1988

Vox Sanguinis

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“…10. Specifically, false positive rates are higher among multiparous women (i.e., those who have had more than one child) and among individuals with a history of malaria (Farg et al, 1986). 11.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economics of AIDS-related health insurance regulations: Interest group influence and ideology

Ohsfeldt

Gohmann

1992

Public Choice

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The projected growth in the U.S. in the number of persons with AIDS has created concern about sources of financing the costs of health care services for persons with AIDS. Private health insurers have modified or considered modifying underwriting practices in response to the AIDS epidemic, but several state governments have developed significant regulatory constraints on AIDS-related underwriting practices. We model the state government's decision to impose AIDSrelated regulatory constraints (HIV testing restrictions, restrictions on the use of information about sexual orientation, and mandated AIDS coverage). We find that HIV-testing restrictions tend to be more likely in states with relatively high AIDS prevalence rates and insurance industries that are relatively weak politically. States with prevailing attitudes favorable to persons with AIDS (i.e., relatively liberal states) are more likely than other states to impose HIV-testing restrictions. Measures of prevailing attitudes (ideology) appear to be the primary determinants of regulations prohibiting questions about sexual orientation, but economic interests are the primary determinants of mandated AIDS coverage.

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“…False-positive reactions in the sensitive present-day human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-screening tests occur (9-13, 16, 19), and at least one confirmatory test, usually the electrophoretic immunoblot (EIB [Western blot]), is therefore needed (7,8,17). Obviously, the EIB must itself be very specific but, in addition, highly sensitive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificities and sensitivities of three systems for determination of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus by electrophoretic immunoblotting

Blomberg

Klasse

1988

J Clin Microbiol

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Electrophoretic immunoblotting (EIB [Western blotting]) has emerged as the major method for verification of seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and therefore needs to be thoroughly characterized. The specificities of three EIB systems, our own and two commercial systems, were studied with anticellular sera and serial dilutions of human sera. We demonstrated that in one system, anti-HLA classes I and II gave bands comigrating with viral proteins, which can be controlled by EIB with uninfected H9 cells. In addition, animal antisera, including anti-immunoglobulin enzyme conjugates, occasionally reacted with HIV gag proteins, necessitating appropriate controls. Whereas none of 10 blood donors reacted at the standard dilution in serum (1/100 or 1/400) in any of the three systems, 6, 1, and 2 of 10 donors reacted with p24, p55, or both at a dilution of 1/10 for the three systems tested. Thus, nonspecific reactions can arise in several ways and justify critical EIB interpretation. The sensitivity of the three systems was studied by comparative titrations and direct quantification of bound immunoglobulin G (IgG). In the titrations with ail three, the minor anti-HIV bands p53 and p64, coded from pol, were often detectable in higher dilutions than were antibodies to any other HIV protein. The minimum visible amounts of IgG bound per HIV protein band estimated by extra-and interpolation in densitometric curves and liquid scintillation counting of radiolabeled patient IgG were approximately 0.1, 0.05, and 0.02 ng per band in the three systems. One of the commercial systems had both the highest sensitivity and highest specificity.

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Relative specificity of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies to human T‐cell lymphotrophic virus, type III, and their relationship to Western blotting

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

HIV Antibody Screening and Confirmatory Testing of Italian Blood Donors

HIV Antibody Screening and Confirmatory Testing of Italian Blood Donors

The economics of AIDS-related health insurance regulations: Interest group influence and ideology

Specificities and sensitivities of three systems for determination of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus by electrophoretic immunoblotting

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