Relativistic corrections to the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect for extremely hot clusters of galaxies

Itoh, Naoki; Nozawa, Satoshi

doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034236

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Following Carlstrom et al (2002), the function g(ν, T e ) describes the frequency dependence of the tSZE. We include the relativistic corrections of Itoh et al (1998) and Itoh & Nozawa (2004). The Compton-y parameter in Equation (1) is defined as…”

Section: Thermal Analysis Of the Icmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Wavelength Study of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the Triple-Merger Cluster Macs J0717.5+3745 With Mustang and Bolocam

Mroczkowski

Dicker

Sayers

et al. 2012

ApJ

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We present 90, 140, and 268 GHz subarcminute resolution imaging of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) in the disturbed, intermediate-redshift (z = 0.5458) galaxy cluster MACS J0717.5+3745, a triple-merger system comprising four distinct, optically detected subclusters. Our 90 GHz SZE data result in a sensitive, 34 μJy beam −1 map of the SZE at 13 effective resolution using the MUSTANG bolometer array on the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). Our 140 and 268 GHz SZE imaging, with resolutions of 58 and 31 and sensitivities of 1.8 and 3.3 mJy beam −1 , respectively, was obtained through observations from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory using Bolocam. We compare these maps to a two-dimensional pressure map derived from Chandra X-ray observations. Our MUSTANG SZE data confirm previous indications from Chandra of a pressure enhancement due to shockheated, 20 keV gas immediately adjacent to extended radio emission seen in low-frequency radio maps of this cluster. MUSTANG also detects pressure substructure that is not well constrained by the Chandra X-ray data in the remnant core of a merging subcluster. We find that the small-scale pressure enhancements in the MUSTANG data amount to ∼2% of the total pressure measured in the 140 GHz Bolocam observations. The X-ray inferred pseudo-pressure template also fails on larger scales to accurately describe the Bolocam data, particularly at the location of the subcluster with a remnant core known to have a high line-of-sight optical velocity of ∼3200 km s −1 . Our Bolocam data are adequately described when we add an additional component-not described by a thermal SZE spectrum-to the X-ray template coincident with this subcluster. Using flux densities extracted from our model fits, and marginalizing over the X-ray spectroscopic temperature constraints for the region, we fit a thermal + kinetic SZE spectrum to our Bolocam data and find that the subcluster has a best-fit line-of-sight proper velocity v z = 3600 +3440 −2160 km s −1 , in agreement with the optical velocity estimates for the subcluster. The probability v z 0 given our measurements is 2.1%. Repeating this analysis using flux densities measured directly from our maps results in a 3.4% probability v z 0. We note that this tantalizing result for the kinetic SZE is on resolved, subcluster scales.

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Section: Thermal Analysis Of the Icmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Wavelength Study of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the Triple-Merger Cluster Macs J0717.5+3745 With Mustang and Bolocam

Mroczkowski

Dicker

Sayers

et al. 2012

ApJ

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“…A clear conception of the interplay between time parameters and thermostatistical concepts, like entropy [13][14][15], is crucial, e.g., if one wishes to generalize non-equilibrium fluctuation theorems to a relativistic framework [16,17]. Given the rapidly increasing number of applications in high-energy physics [18,19] and astrophysics [20,21], a firm conceptual foundation is desirable not only from a theoretical, but also from a practical perspective.Ideally, one would like to tackle relativistic manyparticle problems within a quantum field theory framework, as this allows for the consistent treatment of particle …”

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confidence: 99%

Stationarity, ergodicity, and entropy in relativistic systems

Cubero

Dunkel

2009

Europhys. Lett.

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-Recent molecular-dynamics simulations show that a dilute relativistic gas equilibrates to a Jüttner velocity distribution if ensemble velocities are measured simultaneously in the observer frame. The analysis of relativistic Brownian motion processes, on the other hand, implies that stationary one-particle distributions can differ depending on the underlying time parameterizations. Using molecular-dynamics simulations, we demonstrate how this relativistic phenomenon can be understood within a deterministic model system. We show that, depending on the time parameterization, one can distinguish different types of "soft" ergodicity on the level of the one-particle distributions. Our analysis further reveals a close connection between time parameters and entropy in special relativity. A combination of different time parameterizations can potentially be useful in simulations that combine molecular-dynamics algorithms with randomized particle creation, annihilation, or decay processes. Copyright c EPLA, 2009Introduction. -Understanding the relation between ensemble and time averages poses one of the most fundamental problems in statistical physics. Ergodicity -the equivalence of the two averaging procedures-is a commonly employed assumption in statistical mechanics [1], albeit difficult to prove for realistic systems. During the past decades, the ergodicity hypothesis was intensely examined for nonrelativistic classical [2][3][4][5] and quantum models [6][7][8]. However, much less is known about its meaning and validity in relativistic settings [9], when even more basic concepts like "stationarity" may become ambigous as time becomes relative [10][11][12]. A clear conception of the interplay between time parameters and thermostatistical concepts, like entropy [13][14][15], is crucial, e.g., if one wishes to generalize non-equilibrium fluctuation theorems to a relativistic framework [16,17]. Given the rapidly increasing number of applications in high-energy physics [18,19] and astrophysics [20,21], a firm conceptual foundation is desirable not only from a theoretical, but also from a practical perspective.Ideally, one would like to tackle relativistic manyparticle problems within a quantum field theory framework, as this allows for the consistent treatment of particle

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“…This is done using an MCMC method within CASA and is computationally expensive, due to the large data volume. The 93 − 107 GHz SZ spectrum is computed with relativistic corrections (Itoh & Nozawa 2004) due to the high post-shock temperatures.…”

Section: Alma-sz Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Alma-Sz Detection of a Galaxy Cluster Merger Shock at Half the Age of the Universe

Basu¹,

Sommer²,

Erler³

et al. 2016

ApJL

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We present ALMA measurements of a merger shock using the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect signal, at the location of a radio relic in the famous El Gordo galaxy cluster at z ≈ 0.9. Multi-wavelength analysis in combination with the archival Chandra data and a high-resolution radio image provides a consistent picture of the thermal and non-thermal signal variation across the shock front and helps to put robust constraints on the shock Mach number as well as the relic magnetic field. We employ a Bayesian analysis technique for modeling the SZ and X-ray data self-consistently, illustrating respective parameter degeneracies. Combined results indicate a shock with Mach number M = 2.4 +1.3 −0.6 , which in turn suggests a high value of the magnetic field (of the order of 4 − 10 µG) to account for the observed relic width at 2 GHz. At roughly half the current age of the universe, this is the highest-redshift direct detection of a cluster shock to date, and one of the first instances of ALMA-SZ observation in a galaxy cluster. It shows the tremendous potential for future ALMA-SZ observations to detect merger shocks and other cluster substructures out to the highest redshifts.

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Relativistic corrections to the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect for extremely hot clusters of galaxies

Cited by 53 publications

References 39 publications

A Multi-Wavelength Study of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the Triple-Merger Cluster Macs J0717.5+3745 With Mustang and Bolocam

A Multi-Wavelength Study of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the Triple-Merger Cluster Macs J0717.5+3745 With Mustang and Bolocam

Stationarity, ergodicity, and entropy in relativistic systems

Alma-Sz Detection of a Galaxy Cluster Merger Shock at Half the Age of the Universe

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