Relaxation Time Effect on the Human Head Using the Thermal Wave Model

Abstract

The most common electronics used by the vast majority of the world’s population emit low radio frequencies and they may be harmful to both skin and brain tissue. The bio-heat transfer model is numerically solved to predict the time dependent temperature distribution of micro waves as it emits to the brain caused by everyday electronics in order to understand the effects the waves have on our organs. A time dependent finite difference technique is used to model a multilayer system depicting this external heat source passing through skin, bone, and into the brain. This model accounts for the extra heat generated within the body from the chemical reactions of the tissue, whereas pervious work took this heat sources to be negligible. A relaxation time is also included in the bioheat transfer model in order to account for the response time the tissue takes caused by the perturbation. Most studies neglect this parameter. Parameters for the adult and child head model are compared. The manuscript is aimed to understand the potential threats on the human body caused by everyday use of the technologies such as Ipods, cellular phones, bluetooth’s, etc.

Influence of the Electromagnetic Energy Due to Cellular Devices in a Multi-Layer Human Head under Two-Temperature Heat Conduction Model

“…The traditional heat conduction equation has been discussed and introduced in one dimension by Penne in Equations ( 1) and (2) as follows [32][33][34]37,39]:…”

“…Fourier's law of heat conduction provided a relaxation time parameter for the heat flux to account for the lag time as follows [32][33][34]:…”

“…Due to the chemical reactions, the metabolic heat source was considered, and it was assumed to be a constant, Q met = 368.1 W/m 3 which gave [32,33]:…”

“…The function H(t) was the Heaviside unit step function. The parameter δ gave the penetration depth (the depth to which an electromagnetic wave may enter a certain material) where that value was determined as follows [32][33][34]37]:…”

“…The mathematical derivations of nanoparticleaided laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy on tumour tissue and cancer therapies were constructed using the same model by Xu et al [27]. Other models have investigated the thermal wave models of bioheat transfer by applying them to the brain [1,[28][29][30][31][32][33]. Youssef et al [34] looked at how heat waves radiated by cellular devices affected a multi-layer human skull.…”