Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract

SummaryThis work explores the potential use of commercially obtained, carboxylated, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT–COOH) as nanocarriers for the antiparkinson drug, levodopa (LD). The resulting nanohybrid was characterized using materials characterization methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, UV–vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that SWCNT–COOH were able to form supramolecular complexes with LD via a π–π stacking interaction and exhibited favourable, slow, sustained-release characteristics as a drug carrier with a release period over more than 20 h. The results obtained from the drug release studies of LD at different pH values showed that the LD-loaded nanohybrid is pH activated. The release kinetics of LD from SWCNT–COOH were well-described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. A cytotoxicity assay of the synthesized nanohybrid was also carried out in PC12 cell lines (a widely used, in vitro Parkinson’s model for neurotoxicity studies) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in order to investigate their possible effects on normal neuronal cells in vitro. It was found that the synthesized nanohybrid did not compromise the cell viability and the PC12 cells remained stable throughout the experiments up to 72 h after treatment.

Drug Delivery With Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Versatile Nanocarriers: Progress and Prospects

“…However, the actual reason for unfavourable effects and inflammatory response was not revealed. Levodopa-loaded COOHconjugated SWCNTs were fabricated to check the drug delivery to the nervous system (Tan et al, 2015). This synthesized nanohybrid was found as safe in PC12 cell lines and exhibited a slow and sustained release profile for more than 20 h. One group demonstrated the lysosomes and mitochondria are the primary site (organelles) for cytotoxicity which can be targeted by SWCNTs (Yang et al, 2010).…”

Incorporation of Levodopa into Biopolymer Coatings Based on Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes for pH-Dependent Sustained Release Drug Delivery

“…This is because the molecular structure of T8 is quite similar to that of T2, except that T8 consists of mostly oleic acid. The FTIR characteristics of SWLD conjugate has already been extensively discussed in our previous work [ 41 ].…”

“…The loading of LD onto SWCNT functionalized with carboxylic acid moiety was conducted following previous method with some slight adjustment [ 41 ]. Briefly, 50 mg LD was dissolved in 400 mL of deionized water at the optimized drug concentration of 0.125 mg/mL.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Bionanomaterials and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and DNA Cleavage Activities

“…The broad absorption band ascertained in the range of 1654 and 1300 cm À 1 was attributed to the aromatic rings. [26,27] The peak at around 1246 cm À 1 was related to À CÀ N stretching vibration and also, at the peak of 862 cm À 1 indicated À NÀ H bending vibration. [26,28] The characteristic peak of À CÀ OH stretching was obtained at around 1048 cm À 1 .…”