Release of Chemicals from Contaminated Soils

Williamson, Derek; Loehr, Raymond C.; Kimura, Yosuke

doi:10.1080/10588339891334492

Cited by 50 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…7. For all cases, the clear biphasic nature of desorption was observed with a rapid desorption followed by a rather slow desorption as reported by other studies (Berg et al, 1998;Cornelissen et al, 1997;Gess & Pavlostathis, 1997;Lee et al (2002a) and Lee et al (2002b); Opdyke & Loehr, 1999;Williamson et al, 1998). Desorption of the labile fraction at the early stage was more pronounced at low PAC contents whereas slow desorption of the nonlabile fraction was predominant for sandy soils with higher PAC contents.…”

Section: Desorption Rate Modelingsupporting

confidence: 69%

Desorption Kinetics of Benzene in a Sandy Soil in the Presence of Powdered Activated Carbon

Choi¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Desorption kinetics of benzene was investigated with a modified biphasic desorption model in a sandy soil with five different powdered activated carbon (PAC) contents (0, 1, 2, 5, 10% w/w) as sorbents. Sorption experiments followed by series dilution desorption were conducted for each sorbent. Desorption of benzene was successively performed at two stages using deionized water and hexane. Modeling was performed on both desorption isotherm and desorption rate for water-induced desorption to elucidate the presence of sorption-desorption hysteresis and biphasic desorption and if present to quantify the desorption-resistant fraction (q (irr)) and labile fraction (F) of desorption site responsible for rapid process. Desorption isotherms revealed that sorption-desorption exhibited a severe hysteresis with a significant fraction of benzene being irreversibly adsorbed onto both pure sand and PAC, and that desorption-resistant fraction (q (irr)) increased with PAC content. Desorption kinetic modeling showed that desorption of benzene was biphasic with much higher (4-40 times) rate constant for rapid process (k (1)) than that for slow process (k (2)), and that the difference in the rate constant increased with PAC content. The labile fraction (F) of desorption site showed a decreasing tendency with PAC. The experimental results would provide valuable information on remediation methods for soils and groundwater contaminated with BTEX.

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Section: Desorption Rate Modelingsupporting

confidence: 69%

Desorption Kinetics of Benzene in a Sandy Soil in the Presence of Powdered Activated Carbon

Choi¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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“…It has also been confirmed that biodegradation of organic compounds can be limited by the slow rate of desorption [8][9][10]. The rate and extent of desorption are affected by soil organic carbon content, cation-exchange capacity, specific surface area and water solubility [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desorption rates of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been shown to be markedly lower upon prolonged contact with soil [13][14][15]. Therefore, reversible sorption models are not able to explain the long-term persistence of organic contaminants at many contaminated sites [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sorption and desorption-resistance on biodegradation of chlorobenzene in two wetland soils

Lee¹,

Pardue

Moe

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…In addition, a rate of release test was also performed, using procedures described in Williamson et al (19). The soils were mixed for 119 days in 15-mL glass vials containing 2 g of soil, a microbial inhibitor (0.02% HgCl2), 1.2 g of XAD2 resin, and filled with deionized water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Acceptable Endpoints for PAHs at a Manufactured Gas Plant Site

Stroo

Jensen

Loehr

et al. 2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Samples from a former manufactured gas plant (MGP) site in Santa Barbara, CA, were tested to evaluate the environmentally acceptable endpoints (EAE) process for setting risk-based cleanup criteria. The research was part of an ongoing effort to develop and demonstrate a protocol for assessing risk-based criteria for MGP sites that incorporates the availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Six samples were tested: source soil, treated source soil, aged soil, lampblack soil, background soil, and spiked soil. The samples were subjected to a battery of physical and biological tests that focused on determining the “availability” of the soil-bound contaminants to groundwater, ecological receptors, and human receptors. Different assays yielded similar qualitative results, but the magnitude of the effects differed significantly. Each assay has unique inherent limitations, but the earthworm uptake assay is preferred because it is reliable, inexpensive, and sensitive at meaningful soil concentrations. Results demonstrated that sorption to soil, matrix effects, aging, and treatment can significantly reduce chemical availability. Including these reduced availability results in risk assessment calculations yielded environmentally protective cleanup levels almost 3−10 times greater than levels derived using California default risk assessment assumptions. Using an EAE-based approach for MGP soils, especially those containing lampblack, could provide more realistic risk assessments.

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Release of Chemicals from Contaminated Soils

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Desorption Kinetics of Benzene in a Sandy Soil in the Presence of Powdered Activated Carbon

Desorption Kinetics of Benzene in a Sandy Soil in the Presence of Powdered Activated Carbon

Effect of sorption and desorption-resistance on biodegradation of chlorobenzene in two wetland soils

Environmentally Acceptable Endpoints for PAHs at a Manufactured Gas Plant Site

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