Release of organic nitrogen compounds from Kerogen via catalytic hydropyrolysis

Bennett, Barry; Love, Gordon D.

doi:10.1186/1467-4866-1-61

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For instance, the 6 DBE class was the dominant N 1 compounds class in the ESI-(−) FT-ICR MS spectrum of an retorted Fushun shale oil from China and appears in significant amounts in the spectrum of US shale oil, but it is rarely detected in spectra of conventional oils ,,,, or heavily biodegraded oil sands from Alberta . As the 6 DBE class is said to largely consist of indoles (e.g., Chen et al) those observations agree with results of Bennet and Love . They used catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) on two solvent extracted Kimmeridge Clay Formation samples (∼0.35% R o ) to show that alkylindoles are abundant in immature kerogen, but not in related conventional oils (Miller oil).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…62 As the 6 DBE class is said to largely consist of indoles (e.g., Chen et al 39 ) those observations agree with results of Bennet and Love. 63 They used catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) on two solvent extracted Kimmeridge Clay Formation samples (∼0.35% R o ) to show that alkylindoles are abundant in immature kerogen, but not in related conventional oils (Miller oil). Thus, alkylindoles might be transformed, through cyclization and aromatization, to carbazoles upon natural maturation.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This local maximum in extracts and pyrolysates can be partly explained by the aforementioned reaction pathway, e.g., formation of a fraction of the 9 DBE carbazoles by cyclization and aromatization of 6 DBE indoles as suggested by Bennett and Love. 63 N 1 compounds representing carbazoles with alkyl side chains of up to five carbon atoms (aliC 0−5 9 DBE, aliC 0−5 12 DBE, and aliC 0−5 15 DBE carbazoles) strongly dominate pyrolysates and extracts at the highest maturity (R o 1.45%). Compounds with more than five aliphatic carbon atoms (aliC >5 carbazoles) are strongly diminished or, in the 9DBE class, are completely missing (Figure 4a−c).…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracing the Impact of Fluid Retention on Bulk Petroleum Properties Using Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

et al. 2016

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Predicting gas-to-oil ratio (GOR) and bulk petroleum properties is of paramount concern when developing production strategies for unconventional resource plays. Subtle changes in bulk fluid composition can result in large differences in phase envelope geometry and predicted fluid types, which can cause unfavorable pressure drawdown during production. Here we present new insights into the thermal evolution of petroleum compositions in conventional and unconventional reservoirs, focusing on polar compounds, i.e., nitrogen-, sulfur-, and oxygen-containing (NSO) compounds. These compounds feature functional groups that strongly influence the sorption, solubility, and partitioning behavior of petroleum constituents in unconventional shale systems. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) is a powerful tool to rapidly characterize NSO-compounds in complex mixtures and was used to compare the polar compounds in (1) extracts of six Posidonia Shale source rock samples with maturity levels between 0.48 and 1.45% vitrinite reflectance (Ro), (2) open-system pyrolysates of those six source rocks, and (3) four Posidonia Shale-sourced medium-gravity conventional crude oils. The aromaticity and degree of condensation were found to increase much more pronouncedly with increasing maturity for retained than for expelled oil NSO compounds. Pyrolysate NSO compounds have compositions intermediate between those of retained and expelled NSO compounds, pointing to preferential expulsion of smaller compounds in the crudes and enhanced cyclization and aromatization within retained fluids. Aromatization was shown to occur at the expense of aliphatic carbon. A genetic link between the fluids as well as the likely timing of petroleum expulsion is revealed by comparing the carbon number distributions of compounds from the N1 elemental class, that is, compounds that contain one nitrogen atom (e.g., carbazoles). The here documented chemical differences between the investigated fluid types are significant and need to be taken into account when formulating production strategies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracing the Impact of Fluid Retention on Bulk Petroleum Properties Using Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

et al. 2016

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“…From Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Raman spectroscopy measurements, 50% to 60% of the carbon is aromatic. , The heteroatoms O, S, and N present a range of functionalities. For example, nitrogen is mostly found among aromatic or cyclic carbon species as pyrrolic or pyridinic nitrogen. , Amine type functional groups are largely absent. Sulfur is present predominantly as thiophenes, followed by sulfides or sulfoxides depending on the maturity of the oil .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, nitrogen is mostly found among aromatic or cyclic carbon species as pyrrolic or pyridinic nitrogen. 43,44 Amine type functional groups are largely absent. Sulfur is present predominantly as thiophenes, followed by sulfides or sulfoxides 45 depending on the maturity of the oil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Core Nanoparticle Mimics for Asphaltene Behaviors in Solution and at Interfaces

et al. 2016

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Asphaltenes are a poorly defined class of self-assembling and surface active molecules present in crude oils. The nature and structure of the nanoaggregates they form remain subjects of debate and speculation. In this exploratory work, the surface properties of asphaltene nanoaggregates are probed using electrically neutral 5 nm diameter gold-core nanoparticles with alkyl, aromatic, and alkanol functionalities on their surfaces. These custom synthesized nanoparticles are characterized, and their enthalpies of solution at near infinite dilution and the interfacial tensions of solutions containing these nanoparticles are compared with the corresponding values for Athabasca pentane asphaltenes. The enthalpies of solution of these asphaltenes in toluene, heptane, pyridine, ethanol, and water are consistent with the behavior of gold-alkyl nanoparticles. The interfacial tension values of these asphaltenes at toluene–water and (toluene + heptane)–water interfaces are consistent with the behavior of gold-biphenyl nanoparticles as are the tendencies for these asphaltenes and gold-biphenyl nanoparticles to “precipitate” in toluene + heptane mixtures. Gold-alkyl nanoparticles are minimally surface active at toluene–water and (toluene + heptane)–water interfaces and remain dispersed in all toluene + heptane mixtures. The behavior of these asphaltenes in solution and at interfaces is inconsistent with the behavior of gold-n-alkanol nanoparticles. The outcomes of this formative work indicate potential roles for aromatic submolecular motifs on aggregate surfaces as a basis for interpreting asphaltene nanoparticle flocculation and interfacial properties, while alkyl submolecular motifs on aggregate surfaces appear to provide a basis for interpreting other aspects of asphaltene solution behavior. A number of lines of inquiry for future work are suggested.

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From Fossils to Astrobiology

Seckbach¹,

Walsh²

2008

Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology

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Release of organic nitrogen compounds from Kerogen via catalytic hydropyrolysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Tracing the Impact of Fluid Retention on Bulk Petroleum Properties Using Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Tracing the Impact of Fluid Retention on Bulk Petroleum Properties Using Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

Gold Core Nanoparticle Mimics for Asphaltene Behaviors in Solution and at Interfaces

From Fossils to Astrobiology

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